ArticleInternational journal of behavioral medicine2021
Sociodemographic and Psychological Risk Factors for Anxiety and Depression: Findings from the Covid-19 Health and Adherence Research in Scotland on Mental Health (CHARIS-MH) Cross-sectional Survey.
Article in International journal of behavioral medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of impacts of COVID-19 on depression and anxiety among general populations around the world.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- The relationship between risk perceptions and negative emotions in the COVID-19: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of over 2 million people.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic Period in the European Population: An Institutional Challenge.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- An experimental COVID-19 messaging study in a representative sample of the Scottish population: Increasing physical distancing intentions through self-efficacy.British journal of health psychology · 2023Trial
- Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Diverse Health-related Outcomes among American Indian and Alaska Native Peoples during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- The effect of COVID-19 and socioeconomic inequalities on emergency department accesses for psychiatric conditions.PloS one · 2026Article
- Anxiety in Myasthenia Gravis Patients Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic-Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Association With Vaccination Status.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Psychological Distress and Quality of Life in Patients with Laryngeal Cancer: A Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Adaptation of the Short-form 6-item UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-6) into Turkish.Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Mental distress is associated with injury and illness in elite Para athletes: a 44-week prospective study over 13 860 athlete days.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2025Article
- Determinants of gender disparities in psychological distress in the South African population aged 15 years and older: Findings from the 2017 National HIV prevalence, incidence, behaviour, and communication survey.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Psychosocial characteristics among older adult clients in outpatient care.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Multiple behavioural risk factors and mental health among adults in Estonia.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Age-related variations in mental health and wellbeing during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-country survey analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Looking back at Covid-19 government restrictions: were local lockdown regions with tighter restrictions less adherent before the restrictions and more adherent after?Translational behavioral medicine · 2024Article
- Anxiety, depression, working from home and health-related behaviours during COVID-19: Structural equation modelling and serial mediation of associations with angina, heart attacks and stroke.Journal of health psychology · 2024Article
- Positive Mental Health of Frontline Healthcare Professionals during COVID-19 First Wave and Second Wave in Spain: The Protective Role of Social Recognition.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2024Article
- The factors related to depressive symptoms in urban older adults in South Korea: a study based on the Seoul Aging Survey.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
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Funding
Abstract
backgroundInvestigations about mental health report prevalence rates with fewer studies investigating psychological and social factors influencing mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic. STUDY
aims(1) identify sociodemographic groups of the adult population at risk of anxiety and depression and (2) determine if the following social and psychological risk factors for poor mental health moderated these direct sociodemographic effects: loneliness, social support, threat perception, illness representations.
methodsCross-sectional nationally representative telephone survey in Scotland in June 2020. If available, validated instruments were used, for example, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) to measure anxiety and depression. Simple linear regressions followed by examination of moderation effect.
resultsA total of 1006 participants; median age 53 years, 61.4% female, from all levels of area deprivation (i.e., 3.8% in the most deprived decile and 15.6% in the most affluent decile). Analyses show associations of anxiety and depression with sociodemographic (age, gender, deprivation), social (social support, loneliness) and psychological factors (perceived threat and illness representations). Mental health was poorer in younger adults, women and people living in the most deprived areas. Age effects were exacerbated by loneliness and illness representations, gender effects by loneliness and illness representations and deprivation effects by loneliness, social support, illness representations and perceived threat. In each case, the moderating variables amplified the detrimental effects of the sociodemographic factors.
conclusionsThese findings confirm the results of pre-Covid-19 pandemic studies about associations between sociodemographics and mental health. Loneliness, lack of social support and thoughts about Covid-19 exacerbated these effects and offer pointers for pre-emptive action.
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