ArticleInternational urogynecology journal2022
Ultrasound assessment of urethral structure and bladder neck position in women with different parities.
Article in International urogynecology journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Do We Have the Evidence to Produce Tools to Enable the Identification and Personalization of Management of Women's Pelvic Floor Health Disorders Through the Perinatal and Perimenopausal Periods? ICI-RS 2024.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2025Review
- Enhanced Monitoring of Urethral and Bladder Mobility in Postpartum Stress Urinary Incontinence using Combined Ultrasound Techniques.Current medical imaging · 2025Article
- Prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence and associated factors in Iranian postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study.BMC urology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisThe study aims to compare the urethral sphincter size and bladder neck position and mobility in women with different parities.
methodsWomen referred to the urodynamics clinic for lower urinary tract and prolapse symptoms were included in the study. A detailed history was taken, and transperineal two- and three-dimensional ultrasound was performed on all the women. The women were divided into four groups according to the vaginal parity. Group 1 had no vaginal childbirths. Group 2 had one, group 3 had two and group 4 had three or more vaginal childbirths. The data was analysed and compared among the groups.
resultsOne hundred fifty women were included in the study. There were 34, 22, 48 and 46 women in groups 1 to 4 respectively. The distribution of different urodynamic diagnoses was similar in all four groups. The urethral sphincter measurements were significantly larger in the vaginally nulliparous group than in all other groups. The measurements were not smaller in multiparous women than in primiparous women. The bladder neck was at a lower position at rest in parous women than nulliparous women. The bladder neck movement was not more in groups 2 to 4 than in group 1.
conclusionThe urethral sphincter was smaller and the bladder neck position was lower in parous women than nulliparous women. These differences were not progressive with increasing parity. Request for elective caesarean section during the second pregnancy to protect the urethra is not supported by this study.
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