ArticleBio-protocol2020
Isolating Multiple Extracellular Vesicles Subsets, Including Exosomes and Membrane Vesicles, from Bovine Milk Using Sodium Citrate and Differential Ultracentrifugation.
Article in Bio-protocol, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Investigating Dietary microRNA Stability and Function Using a Transgenic Milk Model With Unique microRNA Sequences.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Milk-derived extracellular vesicles: nutritional significance, nano-delivery potential, and emerging therapeutic applications - an updated review.Food science of animal resources · 2026Review
- Comprehensive design and characterization of pH-gradient-loaded donkey-milk exosomes for oral octreotide delivery: A bench-to-in silico roadmap.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Labeling, isolation and characterization of cell-type-specific exosomes derived from mouse skin tissue.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Stem cell extracellular vesicles for neuropsychiatric disorders and translation.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- A novel scalable method for the production of rennet-treated milk-derived extracellular vesicles for improved curcumin oral delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles From Fresh vs. Frozen Human Milk Including the Vesicular microRNA Cargo.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
- Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and microRNAs: Potential Modulators of Intestinal Homeostasis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles in dairy cattle: research progress and prospects for practical applications.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Proteome characterization of extracellular vesicles from human milk: Uncovering the surfaceome by a lipid-based protein immobilization technology.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Article
- Dairy: Friend or Foe? Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicle miRNome during subclinical mastitis in dairy cows.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Which casein micelle removal method is suitable for studies of human milk extracellular vesicles? A systematic comparison of four different treatments for casein depletion before extracellular vesicle isolation from human milk.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2024Article
- Multifunctional Milk-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles and Their Biomedical Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles and associated functional proteins in fermented dairy products withFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Extracellular Vesicles from Animal Milk: Great Potentialities and Critical Issues.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Veterinary Medicine.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Milk is a complex fluid that contains various types of proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Some proteins can mingle with EVs, and interfere with their isolation. Among these proteins, caseins form micelles of a size comparable to milk EVs, and can thus be co-isolated with EVs. Preliminary steps that affect milk are crucial for EV isolation and impact the purity and abundance of isolated EVs. In the course of our previous works on cow's milk EVs, we found that sodium citrate (1% final), which is a biocompatible reagent capable of breaking down casein micelles into 40-nm monomers, allowed the isolation of high quantities of EVs with low coprecipitation of caseins or other contaminating proteins. Using this protocol, we successfully separated different EV subsets, characterized in depth their morphology, protein content and small RNA enrichment patterns. We were also able to describe their biological function in a mouse model of intestinal inflammation. We, hereby, detail the differential ultracentrifugation procedure that leads to high quantify, medium specificity, isolation of different milk EV subsets from the same sample. More specifically, we highlight the use of sodium citrate as a standardized approach to isolate and study milk EVs and its potential for isolation techniques other than differential ultracentrifugation.
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Registered trials
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