ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2020
Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in Multiple Cell Lines and Tissues by Dynamic Imaging System and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Data-Driven Discovery of a Key Regulator Cyclin A2 as a Promising Therapeutic Target in Hormone-Sensitive Cancers.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Article
- The Combination of Thymoquinone and Chloroquine Dose-Dependently Regulates Autophagy and Potentiates Metastatic Melanoma Cell Death via Autophagy-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Synergistic inhibition of metastatic melanoma by carvacrol and chloroquine: an in vitro and in silico investigation of apoptosis and molecular targets.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Article
- Repurposing Antimalarials for Oral Cancer: Selective Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine on Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Polymeric Chloroquine Nanogel for Targeted Oral Therapy of Ulcerative Colitis.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- MAPK signaling mediates tamoxifen resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Integrating Chemo- and Bioinformatics withJournal of chemical information and modeling · 2025Article
- An overview of autophagy inhibition as a potential clinical strategy in cancer therapy.Molecular pharmacology · 2025Review
- Pathologic Genetic Mutations May Correlate with Poor Visual Outcome in Patients with Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Targeting Autophagy and the Anticipatory Unfolded Protein Response Leads to Increased Breast Cancer Cell Death.microPublication biology · 2025Article
- Plasma membrane repair defect in Alzheimer's disease neurons is driven by the reduced dysferlin expression.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2024Article
- Integrating Vascular Phenotypic and Proteomic Analysis in an Open Microfluidic Platform.ACS nano · 2024Article
- Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on the Inherent Bioactivity of Black Phosphorus Nanosheets.Aging and disease · 2024Article
- Design, Synthesis, and Antitumor Evaluation of an Opioid Growth Factor Bioconjugate Targeting Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Mechanism of DNA Intercalation by Chloroquine Provides Insights into Toxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Screening Drugs for Broad-Spectrum, Host-Directed Antiviral Activity: Lessons from the Development of Probenecid for COVID-19.Viruses · 2023Article
- Comparative Susceptibility of Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium falciparum Field Isolates to Reference and Lead Candidate Antimalarial Drugs in Ghana.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- It's all relative: analyzing microbiome compositions, its significance, pathogenesis and microbiota derived biofilms: Challenges and opportunities for disease intervention.Archives of microbiology · 2023Review
- Article
- Chloroquine regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of palate development on mice embryo by activating P53 through blocking autophagy in vitro.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been challenged in treating COVID-19 patients and still under debate due to the uncertainty regarding the effectiveness and safety, and there is still lack of the systematic study on the toxicity of these two drugs. To further uncover the toxicity profile of CQ and HCQ in different tissues, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of them in eight cell lines and further adopted the physiologically based pharmacokinetic models to predict the tissue risk, respectively. Retina, myocardium, lung, liver, kidney, vascular endothelium, and intestinal epithelium originated cells were included in the toxicity evaluation of CQ and HCQ, respectively. The proliferation pattern was monitored in 0-72 h by IncuCyte S3. CC50 and the ratio of tissue trough concentrations to CC50 (R
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.