ReviewClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2021
Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Through the Ocular Route.
Review in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intravitreal exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is associated with aggravated retinal lesions in a murine model of central retinal vein occlusion.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Functional crosstalk between the lung and eye: a new frontier in chronic lung diseases.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Impact of COVID-19 on Ocular Surface Health: Infection Mechanisms, Immune Modulation, and Inflammatory Responses.Viruses · 2025Review
- Antimalarial Drugs at the Intersection of SARS-CoV-2 and Rheumatic Diseases: What Are the Potential Opportunities?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Ocular manifestations of COVID-19: A systematic review of current evidence.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Review
- Non-Pharmacological Strategies and Interventions for Effective COVID-19 Control: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Why not to pick your nose: Association between nose picking and SARS-CoV-2 incidence, a cohort study in hospital health care workers.PloS one · 2023Article
- The impact of a rub and rinse regimen on removal of human coronaviruses from contemporary contact lens materials.Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association · 2022Article
- Conjunctival Swabs Reveal Higher Detection Rate Compared to Schirmer Strips for SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detection in Tears of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Current clinical status of new COVID-19 vaccines and immunotherapy.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Review
- The effect of COVID-19 imposed lockdown on Italian children with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2022Article
- Inanimate surface contamination of SARS-CoV-2 during midfacial fracture repair in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2022Article
- New Safety Aspects in Corneal Donation-Studies on SARS-CoV-2-Positive Corneal Donors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Antiviral Activity of Contemporary Contact Lens Care Solutions against Two Human Seasonal Coronavirus Strains.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Blood Safety: An Updated Review.Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2022Review
- Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Conjunctival Swab Samples Among Patients Presenting with Conjunctivitis During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Ophthalmology and COVID-19 Research.Journal of ophthalmology · 2022Review
- Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Analysis of Vessel Density Indices in Early Post-COVID-19 Patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Therapeutic potential of the MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3 in counteracting SARS-CoV-2 infection of the eye through p53 activation.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Update on overview of ocular manifestations of COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeCurrently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is raging around the world. However, the transmission of its pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is not fully clear. It is still controversial whether the ocular transmission of SARS-CoV-2 exists. This review aimed to summarize the evidence of SARS-CoV-2 ocular transmission.
methodsOnline articles were searched till October 23, 2020 in Pubmed, Embase, and websites of World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19, American Academy of Ophthalmology, and American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery under the search strategy of (((("COVID-19"[Mesh]) OR ("SARS-CoV-2"[Mesh])) OR (2019 novel coronavirus)) OR (2019-nCoV)) AND (((("Conjunctivitis"[Mesh]) OR (Ocular Surface)) OR ("Eye"[Mesh])) OR ("Ophthalmology"[Mesh])). The language was not restricted. After screening, 1445 records were excluded and 168 references original articles were finally included.
resultsCells of ocular surface express both the receptor of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), offering molecular bases for the ocular susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Accumulated COVID-19 patients presented conjunctivitis as the initial or the only symptom. Whether COVID-19 patients had ocular symptoms or not, SARS-CoV-2 was detectable on the ocular surface, and the isolated virus was infectious, proving that the ocular surface can not only be a reservoir but also a source of contagion. SARS-CoV-2 may reach the ocular surface by hand-eye contact and aerosols. Once SARS-CoV-2 reaches the ocular surface, it may transfer to other systems through the nasolacrimal system or hematogenous metastasis.
conclusionThe ocular surface can serve as a reservoir and source of contagion for SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted to the ocular surface through hand-eye contact and aerosols, and then transfer to other systems through nasolacrimal route and hematogenous metastasis. The possibility of ocular transmission of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be ignored.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.