Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33658609›Full record

ArticleLaboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology2021

Retinoblastoma tumor cell proliferation is negatively associated with an immune gene expression signature and increased immune cells.

Aaron L Sarver, Chencheng Xie, Megan J Riddle, Colleen L Forster, Xiaohong Wang, Huarui Lu, Wyatt Wagner, Jakub Tolar, Timothy C Hallstrom

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Retinoblastoma and Its Tumor Microenvironment.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Aaron L SarverInstitute for Health Informatics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Chencheng XieDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Megan J RiddleDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Colleen L ForsterBioNet, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Xiaohong WangDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Huarui LuDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Wyatt WagnerDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Jakub TolarDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Timothy C HallstromDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. halls026@umn.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-5677-3032
University of Minnesota · US

Funding

Cell Fate Control by Integrated E2F, FoxO and PI3K Signaling in RetinoblastomaR01CA168622 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI HALLSTROM, TIMOTHY C. · 2013 to 2017
$1.6M
Bioinformatics approaches to solve the "Missing Driver" problem in solid tumorsR50CA211249 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI SARVER, AARON L · 2016 to 2020
$565k
NCI NIH HHS R50 CA211249U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI) R01CA168622
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study focuses on gene expression differences between early retinal states that ultimately lead to normal development, late onset retinoblastoma, or rapid bilateral retinoblastoma tumors. The late-onset and early-onset retinoblastoma tumor cells are remarkably similar to normally proliferating retinal progenitor cells, but they fail to properly express differentiation markers associated with normal development. Further, early-onset retinoblastoma tumor cells express a robust immune gene expression signature followed by accumulation of dendritic, monocyte, macrophage, and T-lymphocyte cells in the retinoblastoma tumors. This characteristic was not shared by either normal retinae or late-onset retinoblastomas. Comparison of our data with other human and mouse retinoblastoma tumor gene expression significantly confirmed, that the immune signature is present in tumors from each species. Strikingly, we observed that the immune signature in both mouse and human tumors was most highly evident in those with the lowest proliferative capacity. We directly assessed this relationship in human retinoblastoma tumors by co-analyzing proliferation and immune cell recruitment by immunohistochemistry, uncovering a significant inverse relationship between increased immune-cell infiltration in tumors and reduced tumor cell proliferation. Directly inhibiting proliferation with a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor significantly increased the number of CD45

Indexed as

AnimalsCell CycleCell ProliferationHumansMiceNeoplasms, ExperimentalRetinaRetinoblastoma

Identifiers

PMID33658609
OpenAlexW3135080952

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.