ArticleScientific reports2021
HMGB1, anti-HMGB1 antibodies, and ratio of HMGB1/anti-HMGB1 antibodies as diagnosis indicator in fever of unknown origin.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fever on hospital admission is associated with increased disease severity and mortality in acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Association between high-mobility group box 1 levels and febrile seizures in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- High mobility group box 1 and its post-translational modifications: Molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Regulated cell death-induced coagulation dysfunction in sepsis.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2026Review
- High Mobility Group Box 1 contributes to Neuroinflammation and Central Sensitization After Nitroglycerin Stimulation in Mice.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Article
- Dualistic Roles of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Cancer and Inflammation.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Anti-Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Antibodies Before and After Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Kawasaki Disease - Evidence for a Potentially Protective Role.Circulation reports · 2025Article
- Small RNA and Toll-like receptor interactions: origins and disease mechanisms.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2025Review
- Biliary HMGB1 levels and biochemical indices in the assessment of acute obstructive septic cholangitis combined with septic shock.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To evaluate the feasibility of serum HMGB1, anti-HMGB1 antibodies, and HMGB1/anti-HMGB1 ratio as a diagnosis indicator of initial clinical classification in patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO). Ninety-four patients with classical FUO and ninety healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The subjects' clinical data and serum were collected. The serum concentration of HMGB1 was detected by a commercial HMGB1 ELISA kit, while the serum concentration of anti-HMGB1 antibodies were detected by an in-house built anti-HMGB1 antibodies ELISA kit and further confirmed by immunoblotting. According to the hospital diagnosis on discharge, ninety-four FUO patients were divided into four groups, Infectious disease subgroup, autoimmune disease subgroup, malignant tumor subgroup, and undetermined subgroup. The concentrations of HMGB1 in the infectious disease subgroup and autoimmune disease subgroup were higher than those in the malignant tumor subgroup, undetermined subgroup, and healthy control group. The concentration of anti-HMGB1 antibodies in autoimmune disease subtype group was higher than those in other subgroups as well as healthy control group. According to the distribution of HMGB1 and anti-HMGB1 in scatter plots of the patients with FUO, we found that the ratio of serum HMGB1/anti-HMGB1 is an ideal clinical indicator for differential diagnosis of different subtypes of FUO. The best cut-off was 0.75, and the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 66.67%, 87.32%, and 0.8, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that serum concentration of HMGB1 was moderately correlated with CRP in infectious diseases subgroup, and the serum concentration of anti-HMGB1 antibodies was strongly correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate in autoimmune disease subgroup. Our study had showed that serum HMGB1/anti-HMGB1 antibodies ratio can help clinicians identify FUO subtypes, thereby avoiding many unnecessary examinations and tests, and improving the effectiveness of clinical diagnosis and treatment of FUO.
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