ReviewNPJ vaccines2021
Vaccines for human fungal diseases: close but still a long way to go.
Review in NPJ vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccinology in the twenty-first century revisited.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Temporal shifts in adaptive immunity drive HIV-associated cryptococcal IRIS: mechanisms, models, and therapeutic opportunities.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Article
- How post-translational modifications in pathogenic fungi inform pathogenesis and immune responses.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Review
- α-1,3-Glucan-Driven Remodeling of the Conidial Cell Wall in anJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- A review of the current anti-New microbes and new infections · 2026Review
- Review
- Vaccine-Mediated Protection of Mice Against African and Asian Clinical Strains ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Recombinant Yeast-Based Vaccines: Importance and Applications.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- Peripheral blood CD4The Journal of infection · 2025Article
- Genital cutaneous candidiasis versus chronic recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: distinct diseases, different populations.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Pulmonary Fungal Infections 1990-2021.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to azole antifungals inJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- The evaluation of a novel multi-epitope vaccine against human papillomavirus and Candida albicans.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2025Article
- The Emerging Fungal Pathogen Candida auris Induces IFNγ to Colonize the Skin.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Fungal impacts on Earth's ecosystems.Nature · 2025Review
- Novel Strategies for Preventing Fungal Infections-Outline.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Current Updates on Pathogenesis, Systemic Therapy, and Treatment of Invasive Fungal Infections.Current drug targets · 2025Review
- Reactive oxygen species drive the aberrant immune response to aFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the substantial global burden of human fungal infections, there are no approved fungal vaccines to protect at risk individuals. Here, we review the progress that has been made and the challenges that lie ahead in the quest towards efficacious fungal vaccines. In mouse studies, protection has been achieved with vaccines directed against fungal pathogens, including species of Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus, that most commonly cause life-threatening human disease. Encouraging results have been obtained with vaccines composed of live-attenuated and killed fungi, crude extracts, recombinant subunit formulations, and nucleic acid vaccines. Novel adjuvants that instruct the immune system to mount the types of protective responses needed to fight mycotic infections are under development. Candidate vaccines include those that target common antigens expressed on multiple genera of fungi thereby protecting against a broad range of mycoses. Encouragingly, three vaccines have reached human clinical trials. Still, formidable obstacles must be overcome before we will have fungal vaccines licensed for human use.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.