ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
A narrow ear canal reduces sound velocity to create additional acoustic inputs in a microscale insect ear.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- A theoretical description of the tree cricket ear as a highly phase sensitive biomechanical interferometer.iScience · 2026Article
- Reconstruction of an extinct soundscape reveals ultrasonic communication in the Jurassic.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Coupled membranes: a mechanism of frequency filtering and transmission in the field cricket ear evidenced by micro-computed tomography, laser Doppler vibrometry and finite element analysis.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2024Article
- Beyond the exponential horn: a bush-cricket with ear canals which function as coupled resonators.Royal Society open science · 2022Article
- Article
- Auditory mechanics in the grig (Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2022Article
- A numerical approach to investigating the mechanisms behind tonotopy in the bush-cricket inner-ear.Frontiers in insect science · 2022Article
- Auditory tuning in the bushcricket miniature hearing organ.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Tuned vibration modes in a miniature hearing organ: Insights from the bushcricket.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Located in the forelegs, katydid ears are unique among arthropods in having outer, middle, and inner components, analogous to the mammalian ear. Unlike mammals, sound is received externally via two tympanic membranes in each ear and internally via a narrow ear canal (EC) derived from the respiratory tracheal system. Inside the EC, sound travels slower than in free air, causing temporal and pressure differences between external and internal inputs. The delay was suspected to arise as a consequence of the narrowing EC geometry. If true, a reduction in sound velocity should persist independently of the gas composition in the EC (e.g., air, [Formula: see text]). Integrating laser Doppler vibrometry, microcomputed tomography, and numerical analysis on precise three-dimensional geometries of each experimental animal EC, we demonstrate that the narrowing radius of the EC is the main factor reducing sound velocity. Both experimental and numerical data also show that sound velocity is reduced further when excess [Formula: see text] fills the EC. Likewise, the EC bifurcates at the tympanal level (one branch for each tympanic membrane), creating two additional narrow internal sound paths and imposing different sound velocities for each tympanic membrane. Therefore, external and internal inputs total to four sound paths for each ear (only one for the human ear). Research paths and implication of findings in avian directional hearing are discussed.
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