ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Impacts of introducing and lifting nonpharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 daily growth rate and compliance in the United States.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021Pooled it
- Models for SARS-CoV-2 health policies: social distancing amid vaccination and virus variants.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- "Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Spatio-temporal analysis of COVID-19 lockdown effect to survive in the US counties using ANN.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- How College Students Used Information From Institutions of Higher Education in the United States During COVID-19: Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Residential mobility restrictions and adverse mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Revisiting the complex time-varying effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 transmission in the United States.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Burden changes in notifiable infectious diseases in Taiwan during the COVID-19 pandemic.PeerJ · 2024Article
- Open-source data pipeline for street-view images: A case study on community mobility during COVID-19 pandemic.PloS one · 2024Article
- Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible type COVID-19 spread with collective effects.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Excess Death Rates for Republican and Democratic Registered Voters in Florida and Ohio During the COVID-19 Pandemic.JAMA internal medicine · 2023Article
- Effects of public-health measures for zeroing out different SARS-CoV-2 variants.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Investigating the effects of vaccine on COVID-19 disease propagation using a Bayesian approach.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Association of vaccination, international travel, public health and social measures with lineage dynamics of SARS-CoV-2.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Dynamics-informed deconvolutional neural networks for super-resolution identification of regime changes in epidemiological time series.Science advances · 2023Article
- Sociodemographic effects on pandemic fatigue are multifaceted and context-specific: A longitudinal analysis of physical distancing adherence.Journal of public health research · 2023Article
- Nonpharmaceutical Interventions in Georgia: Public Health Implications.Southern medical journal · 2023Article
- A scoping review of the impacts of COVID-19 physical distancing measures on vulnerable population groups.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Comparing modelling approaches for the estimation of government intervention effects in COVID-19: Impact of voluntary behavior changes.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We evaluate the impacts of implementing and lifting nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in US counties on the daily growth rate of COVID-19 cases and compliance, measured through the percentage of devices staying home, and evaluate whether introducing and lifting NPIs protecting selective populations is an effective strategy. We use difference-in-differences methods, leveraging on daily county-level data and exploit the staggered introduction and lifting of policies across counties over time. We also assess heterogenous impacts due to counties' population characteristics, namely ethnicity and household income. Results show that introducing NPIs led to a reduction in cases through the percentage of devices staying home. When counties lifted NPIs, they benefited from reduced mobility outside of the home during the lockdown, but only for a short period. In the long term, counties experienced diminished health and mobility gains accrued from previously implemented policies. Notably, we find heterogenous impacts due to population characteristics implying that measures can mitigate the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 on marginalized populations and find that selectively targeting populations may not be effective.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.