ArticleBMJ open2021
Gendered economic, social and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation policies in Kenya: evidence from a prospective cohort survey in Nairobi informal settlements.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Food insecurity and gender-based violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Gender dimensions of health-related challenges among urban poor during COVID-19 pandemic in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review and gap analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Healthcare access difficulty due to fear of COVID-19 infection among women of reproductive age: multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analysis.African health sciences · 2026Article
- An intersectionality-based policy analysis of COVID-19 measures and women informal food vendors in Kisumu, Kenya.PloS one · 2026Article
- Intimate partner violence trajectories over a 1-year period in a population-based cohort of women in Kenya: associations with individual and community normative factors.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Effects of a gender-responsive maternal, newborn and child health program on health and economic outcomes during COVID-19 in Kenya: a mixed-methods study.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Establishing the effect of COVID-19 lockdown policy on the utilization of facility-based delivery in Kenya: a multi-method study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Article
- The biological and psychological impact of the Coronavirus disease-19 pandemic on the characteristics of the menstrual cycle.Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association · 2024Article
- Effect of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Mobile Payments for Maternal Health: Regression Discontinuity Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Increased difficulty accessing food and income change during the COVID-19 pandemic among youth living in the eThekwini district, South Africa.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Community responses to corona virus disease (COVID-19) in Africa in the face of "Infodemic": A scoping review.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2024Article
- Intimate partner violence and postpartum healthcare access in Kenya: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Article
- Adolescent school retention post COVID-19 school closures in Kenya: A mixed-methods study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Gendered socio-economic and mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults living in selected informal settlements in Kenya: an intersectional analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Community engagement and involvement in managing the COVID-19 pandemic among urban poor in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review and stakeholders mapping.Global health action · 2023Article
- Government responses to COVID-19 and impact on GBV services and programmes: comparative analysis of the situation in South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, and Nigeria.Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2023Article
- The Multidimensional, Intersecting Impacts of COVID-19 on Young People's Lives: Evidence From Cross-Sectional Surveys in Mexico, India, and Kenya.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesCOVID-19 may spread rapidly in densely populated urban informal settlements. Kenya swiftly implemented mitigation policies; we assess the economic, social and health-related harm disproportionately impacting women.
designA prospective longitudinal cohort study with repeated mobile phone surveys in April, May and June 2020. PARTICIPANTS AND
setting2009 households across five informal settlements in Nairobi, sampled from two previously interviewed cohorts. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes include food insecurity, risk of household violence and forgoing necessary health services due to the pandemic. Gender-stratified linear probability regression models were constructed to determine the factors associated with these outcomes.
resultsBy May, more women than men reported adverse effects of COVID-19 mitigation policies on their lives. Women were 6 percentage points more likely to skip a meal versus men (coefficient: 0.055; 95% CI 0.016 to 0.094), and those who had completely lost their income were 15 percentage points more likely versus those employed (coefficient: 0.154; 95% CI 0.125 to 0.184) to skip a meal. Compared with men, women were 8 percentage points more likely to report increased risk of household violence (coefficient: 0.079; 95% CI 0.028 to 0.130) and 6 percentage points more likely to forgo necessary healthcare (coefficient: 0.056; 95% CI 0.037 to 0.076).
conclusionsThe pandemic rapidly and disproportionately impacted the lives of women. As Kenya reopens, policymakers must deploy assistance to ensure women in urban informal settlements are able to return to work, and get healthcare and services they need to not lose progress on gender equity made to date.
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