ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2021
Breastfeeding rates are high in a prenatal community support program targeting vulnerable women and offering enhanced postnatal lactation support: a prospective cohort study.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Parkdale Infant Nutrition Security Targeted Evaluation Project (PINSTEP): Formative Research (Objective 3-Infant Feeding)
Comparing Impacts of Donor Human Milk to Formula Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Full-term Infants Exposed to Antibiotics in Labour: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
DOnor Milk to REpair the Full-term Infant MIcrobiome in Infants Born Via Caesarean Section
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complex intertwined association between breastfeeding practices and household food insecurity: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Outcome evaluation of the Public Health New Brunswick Healthy Families, Healthy Babies targeted prenatal program on pregnancy and birth outcomes using a population-based retrospective administrative data cohort.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- Providing Choice: Exploring Maternal Perceptions of Infant Feeding When Supplementation Is Required.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Nursing Pillows in the Sleep Environment and Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths - Georgia, January 2013-December 2022.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2025Article
- The role of antibiotic exposure and the effects of breastmilk and human milk feeding on the developing infant gut microbiome.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Clinical Protocol #21: Breastfeeding in the Setting of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorder (Revised 2023).Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2023Article
- Household food insecurity is prevalent in a cohort of postpartum women who registered in the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program in Toronto.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Maternal opioid treatment after delivery and risk of adverse infant outcomes: population based cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Article
- Interventions and policy approaches to promote equity in breastfeeding.International journal for equity in health · 2022Article
- High levels of breastmilk feeding despite a low rate of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months in a cohort of vulnerable women in Toronto, Canada.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
- Characteristics of vulnerable women and their association with participation in a Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program site in Toronto, Canada.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn Canada, 91% of all mothers initiate breastfeeding, but 40-50% stop by 6 months and only 34% breastfeed exclusively for 6 months, with lower rates among socially and/or economically vulnerable women. The Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program (CPNP) aims to support breastfeeding among vulnerable women, but there is no formal framework or funding for sites to integrate proactive postnatal breastfeeding support. This research aimed to i) describe infant feeding practices among clients of one Toronto CPNP site using charitable funds to offer a lactation support program (in-home lactation consultant visits, breast pumps); ii) determine whether breastfeeding outcomes at 6 months differ based on maternal sociodemographics and food insecurity; and iii) assess utilization of the lactation support program.
methodsInfant feeding practices were collected prospectively at 2 weeks, 2, 4 and 6 months postpartum via telephone questionnaires (n = 199). Maternal sociodemographics were collected at 2 weeks and food insecurity data at 6 months postpartum. Program monitoring records were used to determine utilization of the lactation support program.
resultsNinety-one percent of participants were born outside of Canada; 55% had incomes below the Low-Income Cut-Off; and 55% reported food insecurity. All participants initiated breastfeeding, 84% continued for 6 months and 16% exclusively breastfed for 6 months. Among breastfed infants, ≥76% received vitamin D supplementation. Approximately 50% of infants were introduced to solids before 6 months. Only high school education or less and food insecurity were associated with lower breastfeeding rates. Overall, 75% of participants received at least one visit with a lactation consultant and 95% of these received a breast pump.
conclusionsThis study provides initial evidence that postnatal lactation support can be delivered within a CPNP site, with high uptake by clients. While all participants initiated breastfeeding and 84% continued for 6 months, adherence to the recommended 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding was low. Further research is needed to better understand the barriers to exclusive breastfeeding and how to support this practice among vulnerable women. Study registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03400605 .
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.