ArticleRespiratory research2021
Circulating Vitamin D levels status and clinical prognostic indices in COVID-19 patients.
Article in Respiratory research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Vitamin D Status and SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes.Frontiers in public health · 2021Pooled it
- Genetic Evidence Indicates that Serum Micronutrient Levels Mediate the Causal Relationships Between Immune Cells and Neuropathic Pain: A Mediation Mendelian Randomization Study.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Vitamin D-inducible antimicrobial peptide LL-37 binds SARS-CoV-2 Spike and accessory proteins ORF7a and ORF8.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Vitamin D and COVID-19: comparative analysis with other respiratory infections and impact of comorbidities.Germs · 2024Article
- To Be Frail or Not to Be Frail: This Is the Question-A Critical Narrative Review of Frailty.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Severity of oxidative stress as a hallmark in COVID-19 patients.European journal of medical research · 2023Article
- Vitamin D supplementation is beneficial in improving the prognosis of patients with acute respiratory failure in the intensive care unit: a retrospective study based on the MIMIC-IV database.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Increasing Efficacy of Covid-19 Vaccines by Lifestyle Interventions.Archives of Razi Institute · 2022Review
- The ratio of serum LL-37 levels to blood leucocyte count correlates with COVID-19 severity.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Review
- Vitamin D can reduce severity in COVID-19 through regulation of PD-L1.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2022Review
- Nutritional risk of vitamin D, vitamin C, zinc, and selenium deficiency on risk and clinical outcomes of COVID-19: A narrative review.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2022Review
- Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome: To Treat or Not to Treat? Have We Answered the Question? A Review of Metanalyses.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) in severe COVID-19 patients: role of T3 on the Na/K pump gene expression and on hydroelectrolytic equilibrium.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Article
- The Immunomodulatory Function of Vitamin D, with Particular Reference to SARS-CoV-2.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Review
- An Exploratory Review of Potential Adjunct Therapies for the Treatment of Coronavirus Infections.Journal of chiropractic medicine · 2021Review
- Vitamin D: Bolus Is Bogus-A Narrative Review.JBMR plus · 2021Article
- In-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 stratified by serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels: A retrospective study.Journal of medical virology · 2021Article
- Vitamin D supplementation: An alternative to enhance the effectiveness of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2?Vaccine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeveral immune mechanisms activate in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Usually, coronavirus infection is characterized by dysregulated host immune responses, interleukine-6 increase, hyper-activation of cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes. Interestingly, Vitamin D deficiency has been often associated with altered immune responses and infections. In the present study, we evaluated Vitamin D plasma levels in patients affected with different lung involvement during COVID-19 infection.
methodsLymphocyte phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry. Thoracic CT scan involvement was obtained by an image analysis program.
resultsVitamin D levels were deficient in (80%) of patients, insufficient in (6.5%) and normal in (13.5%). Patients with very low Vitamin D plasma levels had more elevated D-Dimer values, a more elevated B lymphocyte cell count, a reduction of CD8 + T lymphocytes with a low CD4/CD8 ratio, more compromised clinical findings (measured by LIPI and SOFA scores) and thoracic CT scan involvement.
conclusionsVitamin D deficiency is associated with compromised inflammatory responses and higher pulmonary involvement in COVID-19 affected patients. Vitamin D assessment, during COVID-19 infection, could be a useful analysis for possible therapeutic interventions.
trial registration'retrospectively registered'.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.