Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33657906›Full record

Observational studyClinical rehabilitation2021

Is perceived social support more important than visual acuity for clinical depression and anxiety in patients with age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy?

Laura Hernández-Moreno, Hugo Senra, Natacha Moreno, António Filipe Macedo

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Clinical rehabilitation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Perceived stress levels among patients treated for neovascular age-related macular degeneration with anti-VEGF injections.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Laura Hernández-MorenoLow Vision and Visual Rehabilitation Lab, Department and Center of Physics - Optometry and Vision Science, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Hugo SenraCentre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention (CINEICC) - University of Coimbra, Portugal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8054-6473
Natacha MorenoHospital Santa Maria Maior E.P.E, Barcelos, Braga, Portugal.
António Filipe MacedoLow Vision and Visual Rehabilitation Lab, Department and Center of Physics - Optometry and Vision Science, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3436-2010

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate whether visual acuity has the same importance as a factor of depression and anxiety comparing with other psychological variables, particularly perceived social support, in patients diagnosed with age-related eye diseases, with and without low vision.

designObservational cross-sectional study.

settingPatients attending outpatient appointments at the department of ophthalmology of a general hospital in Portugal. SUBJECTS: Patients with age-related macular degeneration and patients with diabetic retinopathy attending routine hospital appointments were recruited for this study. MEASURES: Anxiety and depression were measured using the hospital anxiety and depression scale and perceived social support using the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Visual acuity was measured with ETDRS charts.

resultsOf the 71 patients, 53 (75%) were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy, 37 (52%) were female and age (mean ± SD) was 69 ± 12 years. Acuity in the better seeing eye was 0.41 ± 0.33 logMAR. The mean anxiety score was 4.38 ± 3.82 and depression 4.41 ± 3.39. Clinically significant levels of anxiety were found in 21% (

conclusionThis study suggests that patients' perceived social support might be more important than visual acuity as a factor of clinical depression and anxiety in a sample of age-related eye disease patients.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusDiabetic RetinopathyMacular DegenerationAnxietyCross-Sectional StudiesDepressionFemaleHumansSocial SupportVisual Acuityage-related eye diseaseanxietyDepressionsocial support

Identifiers

PMID33657906
PMCPMC8361471

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.