ArticleNeuroepidemiology2021
Incidence of Cognitive Impairment during Aging in Rural South Africa: Evidence from HAALSI, 2014 to 2019.
Article in Neuroepidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Magnitude and predictors of mild cognitive impairment among older populations in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Lack of association between APOE genotypes and COVID-19 in a black South African cohort.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Longitudinal prevalence and correlates of dynapenic abdominal obesity among community-dwelling ageing adults in rural South Africa from 2015 to 2022.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Episodic memory trajectories of older adults with and without HIV: A longitudinal population-based study in rural South Africa.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with short and long sleep duration among community-dwelling persons 40 years and older: longitudinal evidence from rural South Africa, 2015-2022.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Article
- Exploring the relationship between pain, cognition, and chronic conditions: insights from the HAALSI study in rural South Africa.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Causal Effects of Schooling on Memory at Older Ages in Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Nonparametric Evidence With Harmonized Datasets.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Physical activity profile of hypertensive adults living in rural South Africa.The South African journal of physiotherapy · 2025Article
- Behavioral and psychological outcomes of marital status and transition among aging adults in rural South Africa: A longitudinal analysis.Journal Of Human Behavior In The Social Environment · 2025Article
- Article
- Estimating dementia prevalence using remote diagnoses and algorithmic modelling: a population-based study of a rural region in South Africa.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Article
- Cross-national comparisons of later-life cognitive function using data from the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP): Considerations and recommended best practices.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Associations of history of intimate partner violence with mental ill-health and lifestyle factors in middle-aged and older men and women in South Africa.Archives of gerontology and geriatrics · 2024Article
- Does education moderate gender disparities in later-life memory function? A cross-national comparison of harmonized cognitive assessment protocols in the United States and India.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Exposure to Adversity and its Impact on Later Life Cognitive, Mental, and Physical Health.International journal of public health · 2024Article
- Resilience, Accelerated Aging and Persistently Poor Health: Diverse Trajectories of Health in Malawi.Population and development review · 2023Article
- Health risk behaviour and persistent and incident depression among middle-aged and older adults in South Africa.South African journal of psychology = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir sielkunde · 2023Article
- Cognition in older adults in Uganda: Correlates, trends over time and association with mortality in prospective population study.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Cognition and Cognitive Changes in a Low-Income Sub-Saharan African Aging Population.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
introductionDespite rapid population aging, there are currently limited data on the incidence of aging-related cognitive impairment in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to determine the incidence of cognitive impairment and its distribution across key demographic, social, and health-related factors among older adults in rural South Africa.
methodsData were from in-person interviews with 3,856 adults aged ≥40 who were free from cognitive impairment at baseline in the population-representative cohort, "Health and Aging in Africa: a Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa" (HAALSI), in Agincourt sub-district, Mpumalanga province, South Africa (2014-19). Cognitive impairment was defined as scoring <1.5 standard deviations below the mean of the baseline distribution of orientation and episodic memory scores. Incidence rates and rate ratios for cognitive impairment were estimated according to key demographic, social, and health-related factors, adjusted for age, sex/gender, and country of birth.
resultsThe incidence of cognitive impairment was 25.7/1,000 person-years (PY; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 23.0-28.8), weighted for mortality (12%) and attrition (6%) over the 3.5-year mean follow-up (range: 1.5-4.8 years). Incidence increased with age, from 8.9/1,000 PY (95% CI: 5.2-16.8) among those aged 40-44 to 93.5/1,000 PY (95% CI: 75.9-116.3) among those aged 80+, and age-specific risks were similar by sex/gender. Incidence was strongly associated with formal education and literacy, as well as marital status, household assets, employment, and alcohol consumption but not with history of smoking, hypertension, stroke, angina, heart attack, diabetes, or prevalent HIV.
conclusionsThis study presents some of the first incidence rate estimates for aging-related cognitive impairment in rural South Africa. Social disparities in incident cognitive impairment rates were apparent in patterns similar to those observed in many high-income countries.
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