ArticleBlood2021
Reduced calf muscle pump function is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism: a population-based cohort study.
Article in Blood, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of postoperative ankle pump exercises on the prevention of deep vein thrombosis and venous hemodynamics following lower limb orthopedic surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Pooled it
- Calf Muscle Vein Thrombosis After Hip and Lower-Limb Fracture Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/HemostasisPooled it
- Which Frequency of Ankle Pump Exercise Should Be Chosen for the Prophylaxis of Deep Vein Thrombosis?Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingTrial
- Association of the sarcopenia index based on the serum creatinine to cystatin C ratio and genetic risk with venous thromboembolism: a population-based cohort study.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Article
- Article
- Association of Intramuscular Fat Infiltration With Incident Venous Thromboembolism: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- Risk factors for preoperative isolated calf muscle vein thrombosis in elderly patients with hip fracture and development of a predictive nomogram: a retrospective study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of incident venous thromboembolism: a prospective cohort study.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Article
- Association Between Prolonged Immobilization and Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Medical Patients.Cureus · 2026Article
- Factors associated with early swelling after total knee arthroplasty and poor venous return : the impact of quadriceps strength, activity and preoperative anticoagulation.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Observational
- Clinical Consensus Statement: Perioperative Management of Prothrombotics, Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants, DMARDs and Biologics in Elective Podiatric Surgery.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2026Article
- Next Generation Experimental Models of Venous Physiology and Pathology: Examining Human Relevance in Recapitulating Lower Extremity Flow and Valve Function in New Approach Methods (NAMs).Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Geriatric assessment-integrated prediction model for postoperative deep vein thrombosis in older adults undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate: retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Effects of different frequencies of ankle pump exercise on lower limb hemodynamics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Analysis of risk factors for calf muscular vein thrombosis in elderly patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Low-cost camera-based assessment of venous hemodynamics in the lower limbs: a study on young healthy volunteers.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
- The effect of calf muscular vein thrombosis on the prognosis within one year postoperatively of geriatric hip fracture patients: a propensity score-matched analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Reduced calf muscle pump function is not explained by handgrip strength measurements.Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders · 2024Article
- Hand grip strength in venous thromboembolism: risk of recurrence and mortality.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2023Article
- Reduced calf pump function and proximal deep vein incompetence are predictors for ipsilateral deep vein thrombosis.Vascular medicine (London, England) · 2023Article
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9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The calf muscle pump is a major determinate of venous return in the legs but has not been studied as a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). A population-based cohort study of Olmsted County, Minnesota residents was performed using calf pump function (CPF) measurements from venous plethysmography studies from 1998 to 2015. Patients with a history of VTE were excluded. Nursing validated VTE outcomes from the Rochester Epidemiology Project were identified after the index study date, and patients with reduced CPF (rCPF) were compared with patients with normal CPF. A total of 1532 patients with recorded CPF (28% air and 72% strain gauge plethysmography) were included; 591 (38.5%) had normal CPF, 353 (23.0%) had unilateral rCPF, and 588 (38.3%) had bilateral rCPF. Any VTE occurred in 87 patients (5.7%) after a median follow-up of 11.7 years (range, 0-22.0 years). Comparing patients with bilateral reduced to bilateral normal CPF, the unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for incident VTE was 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-3.4) and after adjusting for age, BMI, and Charlson Comorbidity Index, the HR was 1.68 (95% CI, 0.98-2.89). The adjusted HR for ipsilateral deep vein thrombosis was evaluated in 3064 legs comparing legs with reduced to normal CPF and was 1.71 (95% CI, 1.03-2.84). Mortality was significantly higher in both the bilateral (P < .001) and unilateral (P < .001) rCPF groups compared with normal CPF. Our results demonstrate that CPF is a risk factor for VTE in an otherwise low-risk ambulatory population and might be a useful component in risk stratification models.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.