Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33657138›Full record

ArticlePloS one2021

Awareness and knowledge of canine rabies: A state-wide cross-sectional study in Nigeria.

Ahmad I Al-Mustapha, Abubakar A Tijani, Folashade O Bamidele, Oyewo Muftau, Ahmed Ibrahim, Ibrahim Abdulrahim, Muhammad Shuaib Osu, Grace Kia, Nguku Patrick, Waziri N Endie

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 21% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  4. Human rabies exposure and associated risk factors in North-West Ethiopia.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Ahmad I Al-MustaphaDepartment of Veterinary Services, Kwara State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ilorin, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0001-6328-4088
Abubakar A TijaniDepartment of Veterinary Services, Kwara State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Folashade O BamideleDepartment of Veterinary Services, Kwara State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Oyewo MuftauDepartment of Veterinary Services, Kwara State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Ahmed IbrahimDepartment of Veterinary Services, Kwara State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Ibrahim AbdulrahimDepartment of Veterinary Services, Kwara State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Muhammad Shuaib OsuFederal Department of Veterinary and Pest Control Services, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja, Nigeria.
Grace KiaDepartment of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Nguku PatrickAfrican Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria.
Waziri N EndieAfrican Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria.
Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development · NGAfrican Field Epidemiology Network · NGAhmadu Bello University · NGUniversity of Ibadan · NG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rabies is a highly fatal disease that is endemic in Nigeria. The poor community awareness and knowledge of canine rabies have thwarted the realization of zero deaths from dog mediated human rabies. This study aimed to assess the awareness and knowledge of canine rabies in Kwara state. A total of 1,460 questionnaires were administered to respondents in the three senatorial zones of the state using open data kit (ODK) on mobile phones between September 2019 to January 2020. The rabies awareness rate was 38.1%. The mean knowledge score was 3.78 ± 2.15. Only 10.6% (n = 59/557) of the respondents had satisfactory knowledge of canine rabies. Respondents had poor knowledge of the mode of transmission, symptoms, prevention, and the control measures needed to eliminate canine rabies. Only 20.1% of respondents owned at least a dog. Dog owners were 3.85× (95% CI: 2.89, 5.13; p < 0.01) more likely to be aware of canine rabies and were 1.78× (95% CI: 1.22-2.60; p = 0.003) more likely to have satisfactory knowledge about canine rabies than non-dog owners. Respondents with tertiary education were at least 6.81× (95% CI: 4.24, 10.92; p < 0.01) more likely to be aware of rabies than respondents with no formal education. The findings of this study showed very low awareness and knowledge of canine rabies among residents of Kwara state. Mass sensitization of the populace on the dangers of rabies should be intensified. Such interventions should be targeted at the general public and dog owners.

Indexed as

AwarenessRabies virusAdultAnimalsBites and StingsCross-Sectional StudiesDog DiseasesDogsEndemic DiseasesFemaleHumansMaleNigeriaOwnershipPetsRabies

Identifiers

PMID33657138
PMCPMC7928438
OpenAlexW3135752648

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.