ArticlePloS one2021
A nationwide study of metabolic syndrome prevalence in Iran; a comparative analysis of six definitions.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changing diagnostic criteria and their impact on metabolic syndrome: a systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in Iran: an updated meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of propolis on mood, quality of life, and metabolic profiles in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Dietary index for gut microbiota and risk of metabolic syndrome: the mediating role of hepatic steatosis in a prospective cohort study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- The 25-year national trends in prevalence of metabolic phenotypes among iranian adults: from 2000 to 2025 using STEPS studies.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2026Article
- Dysregulated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase contributes to metabolic syndrome.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2026Article
- Nutritional Changes and Contributing Factors in Iran: A Comprehensive Study From PERSIAN Cohort Study (2015-2017 and 2021-2023).Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Metabolic Syndrome in Middle Eastern Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A High Burden Driven by Cumulative Risk Factors.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the effect of baseline predictors on the incidence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly individuals: a population-based cohort study in Southwest Iran.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Determination of the Optimal Cut-Off Point of Anthropometric Indices to Predict the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Iranian Adult Population With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional-Analytical Study.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- Inequalities in lifestyle and metabolic risk factors across wealth and education levels among TUMS employees.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Inverse associations between the dietary diabetes risk reduction score and dietary phytochemical index with metabolic syndrome and its components: a cross-sectional analysis of the Fasa adult cohort study in rural Iran.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Association of Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load With Proatherogenic Factors and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Iran: An Umbrella Review Across Diagnostic Criteria and Population Subgroups.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- Association between Remnant Cholesterol and Metabolic Syndrome beyond Conventional Lipid Parameters in Middle Age and Elderly Population: Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) cohort.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Association of gut microbiota alterations with metabolic syndrome in older adults: Bushehr elderly health (BEH) program.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Inappropriate GFR equations misrepresent CKD epidemiology and risk interpretation in scientific reports.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Establishing optimal cut-offs of cardio-metabolic indices for diagnosing metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Trends of metabolic syndrome among Iranian patients with diabetes and its association with cardiovascular disease and diabetes complications: a nationwide study of the National Program for Prevention and Control of Diabetes.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Subgroups With Metabolic Syndrome Show Different Association With Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke; Findings of Iran STEPS Survey 2021.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTo integrate and execute a proper preventive plan and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), policy makers need to have access to both reliable data and a unique definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was conducted on the data collected by cross-sectional studies of WHO's STEPwise approach to surveillance of NCD risk factors (STEPs) to estimate the national and sub-national prevalence rates of MetS in Iran in 2016. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe prevalence of MetS was estimated among 18,414 individuals aged ≥25 years living in urban and rural areas of Iran using various definition criteria; National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III 2004 (ATP III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI), Joint Interim Statement (JIS). Regional IDF (RIDF) and JIS (RJIS) were defined using ethnicity-specific values of waist circumference for the country.
resultsNational prevalence rate of MetS based on ATP III, IDF, AHA/NHLBI, JIS, RIDF and RJIS criteria were 38.3% (95% CI 37.4-39.1), 43.5% (42.7-44.4), 40.9% (40.1-41.8), 47.6% (46.8-48.5), 32.0% (31.2-32.9), and 40.8% (40.0-41.7), respectively. The prevalence was higher among females, in urban residents, and those aged 65-69 years. MetS was expected to affect about 18.7, 21.3, 20.0, 23.3, 15.7, and 20.0 million Iranians, respectively, based on ATP III, IDF, AHA/NHLBI, JIS, RIDF and RJIS. The two most common components noted in this population were reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and central obesity.
conclusionHigh prevalence rate of MetS among Iranian adults is alarming, especially among females, urban residents, and the elderly. The JIS definition criteria is more appropriate to determine higher number of Iranians at risk of NCDs. Proper management and prevention of MetS is required to adopt multiple national plans including lifestyle modifications, medical interventions, and public education on NCDs risk factors.
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