ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2021
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in neonatal foals and mares at a referral hospital.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prevalence ofCanadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire · 2026Article
- Clostridioides difficile as a Zoonotic and Foodborne Pathogen: Reviewing the Global Evidence and South African Data.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Equines: A Growing Threat to Horse Health and Beyond-A Comprehensive Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Genomic Analysis ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Enterococcus durans infection and diarrhea in Thoroughbred foals.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2022Article
- Clostridioides difficile infection and One Health: an equine perspective.Environmental microbiology · 2022Review
- Willingness to adopt personal biosecurity strategies on thoroughbred breeding farms: Findings from a multi-site pilot study in Australia's Hunter Valley.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in neonatal foals and mares at a referral hospital.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile is important for the development and assessment of infection prevention and control practices, as well as surveillance methods and interpretation of diagnostic testing results.
objectiveOur objective was to longitudinally evaluate C. difficile shedding in neonatal foals and mares admitted to a referral hospital neonatal intensive care unit. ANIMALS: Foals admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit, along with their dams.
methodsRectal swabs were collected from mares and foals at admission, and then approximately every 3 days, when possible. Selective culture for C. difficile was performed and isolates were characterized by toxin gene PCR and ribotyping.
resultsClostridium difficile was isolated from 103/409 (25%) samples; 65/208 (31%) from foals and 38/201 (19%) from mares. Cumulatively, C. difficile was isolated from at least 1 sample from 50/113 (44%) foals and 30/97 (31%) mares. No association was found between hospitalization day and isolation of C. difficile (P = .13). Twenty-three different ribotypes were identified, with ribotype 078 predominating. Fifteen foals had 2 positive samples during hospitalization. In only 6/15 (40%) foals was the same strain identified both times (5 ribotype 078 and 1 ribotype 012). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Clostridium difficile is an important pathogen in adult horses and foals, and our findings highlight the complexity surrounding the epidemiology of this opportunistic pathogen. It can be found commonly, transiently, and cluster within a facility in the absence of identifiable disease occurrences or clusters.
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