ArticleJapanese journal of ophthalmology2021
Difference of refractive status before and after cycloplegic refraction: the Lhasa Childhood Eye Study.
Article in Japanese journal of ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis on the agreement of non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic refraction in children.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2022Pooled it
- Retinal Vascular Caliber and Its Ocular and Systemic Correlates in Children Living at High Altitude.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Social jet lag and visual acuity decline in junior high students: a retrospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Atropine or Cyclopentolate to Diagnose Premyopia in Preschool Children.JAMA ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Predictive Modeling of Cycloplegic Refraction Using Non-Cycloplegia Ocular Parameters With Emphasis on Lens-Related Features.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Pseudomyopia and cycloplegic changes in young cynomolgus macaques.Molecular vision · 2025Article
- Objective Refraction Status before and after Cycloplegia: From Childhood to Young Adulthood.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A clearer vision: unveiling the importance of cycloplegic refraction and the pseudomyopia prevalence in Chinese preschoolers.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Method comparison and overview of refractive measurements in children: implications for myopia management.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Baseline Refractive Error, Habitual Accommodative Tone, and Its Association With Myopia in Children: The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Paediatric vision screening in Urban Lhasa from the Tibetan Plateau of Southwest China.Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Prediction of spherical equivalent difference before and after cycloplegia in school-age children with machine learning algorithms.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Distribution, Progression, and Associated Factors of Refractive Status of Children in Lhasa, Tibet, after COVID-19 Quarantine.Ophthalmic research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo compare the differences between cycloplegic and noncycloplegic refraction as well as associated factors in grade one students of primary schools, and explore the effectiveness of noncycloplegic refraction for refractive error screening. STUDY
designCross-sectional study.
methodsA school-based study of 1856 students was conducted in Lhasa, Tibetan Plateau, China. Cycloplegia was achieved with two drops of 1% cyclopentolate and 1 drop of Mydrin P at a 5-min interval. Autorefraction was performed under both cycloplegic and noncycloplegic conditions. Bland-Altman analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, univariate and multiple linear regression models were used for analysis.
resultsOf the 1856 children enrolled, 1830 (98.60%) completed all procedures. The average age was 6.83 ± 0.46 years. 965 (52.73%) children were boys and 1737 (94.92%) were Tibetan. Overall, there was a significant difference between cycloplegic and noncycloplegic SE of 0.90 ± 0.76D (P < 0.001). However, the intra-class coefficient correlation (ICC) for cylinder between these two methods was high (ICC = 0.941, 95% CI, 0.935-0.946). Larger differences between cycloplegic and noncycloplegic SE were associated with hyperopic RE and higher cylindrical value (P < 0.001). The prevalence of myopia, emmetropia and hyperopia with and without cycloplegia was (3.93% vs 14.59%), (9.95% vs 45.8%) and (86.21% vs 39.56%), respectively. Myopia, emmetropia and hyperopia based on noncycloplegic refraction was defined as SE ≤ - 0.625D, - 0.625 < SE ≤ 0D, and SE > 0D, respectively.
conclusionsLack of cycloplegia leads to underestimation of hyperopia, with overestimation of myopia and emmetropia. Larger hyperopic refraction exhibited greater difference between cycloplegic and noncycloplegic refraction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.