ArticleSao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina
Diabetes and hypertension are associated with lowered cognitive performance among middle-aged Brazilian adults: cross-sectional analyses nested in the longitudinal Pró-Saúde study.
Article in Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Healthy aging meta-analyses and scoping review of risk factors across Latin America reveal large heterogeneity and weak predictive models.Nature aging · 2024Pooled it
- Health literacy and its sociodemographic and health determinants.Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCardiovascular risk factors are frequently associated with lowered cognitive performance among elderly people, but rarely among middle-aged adults.
objectivesTo investigate associations between cardiovascular risk factors (age, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol use, hypertension and diabetes) and lower cognitive performance among middle-aged (45-64 years) Brazilian adults. DESIGN AND
settingCross-sectional study nested within the Pró-Saúde cohort. From 2,876 baseline study participants (1999), we randomly selected 488 participants and gave them validated and standardized cognitive tests (2012).
methodsWe used multiple linear and logistic regression analyses to detect associations of cardiovascular risk factors with crude scores in cognitive tests on memory (word test) and executive function (verbal fluency tests), and with overall cognitive performance scores, respectively.
resultsAll cognitive test scores presented statistically significant inverse associations with age and direct associations with education. There was no association between lower cognitive performance and smoking or alcohol use. In both 1999 and 2012, after adjusting for sex, age and schooling, being physically active was inversely associated with lower performance regarding late memory. For individuals with diabetes in 1999, there was an association with lower performance regarding executive function, while there was a borderline association for those reporting it only in 2012. Having a diagnosis of hypertension since 1999 was associated with lower performance regarding both memory and executive functions, while reporting hypertension in 2012 was associated with lower performance regarding executive function.
conclusionsAging, low schooling and cardiovascular risk factors may represent life course disadvantages associated with cognitive decline even among middle-aged Brazilian adults.
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Registered trials
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