ArticleExperimental & molecular medicine2021
GSK3B induces autophagy by phosphorylating ULK1.
Article in Experimental & molecular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- GSK3β inhibits the differentiation of follicular granulosa cells by promoting lipid accumulation through autophagy in chickens.Poultry science · 2026Article
- IP3R2-mediated inter-organelle calcium signaling suppresses melanosome degradation.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Elucidating the neuropathological and molecular heterogeneity of amyloid beta and tau in Alzheimer's disease through machine learning and transcriptomic integration.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Regulatory mechanisms of post-translational modifications on autophagic flux in neurons following ischemic stroke.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Presenilin-dependent regulation of neuronal tau pathology via the autophagy and proteasome pathways.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Synovial inflammatory macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles exacerbate cartilage lesions with a FMRP-selectively sorted manner in osteoarthritis.Bone research · 2026Article
- Deciphering the Neuroautophagic Interactome: Molecular Circuits Linking Selective Autophagy to Neuropathological Cascades in Neurological Disorders.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Regulatory mechanism of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification on autophagy in cancer.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Elucidation of Artemisinin as a Potent GSK3β Inhibitor for Neurodegenerative Disorders via Machine Learning-Driven QSAR and Virtual Screening of Natural Compounds.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- JAK2/ULK1 axis promotes cervical cancer progression by autophagy induction and SRPK1 phosphorylation.Oncogene · 2025Article
- The application of procyanidins in diabetes and its complications: a review of preclinical studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Disclosure of Potential Therapeutic Targets in Plumbagin for Treating Osteosarcoma.Biomedical engineering and computational biology · 2025Article
- The dual role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) in neurodegenerative pathologies: interplay between autophagy and disease progression.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Navigating the neuronal recycling bin: Another look at huntingtin in coordinating autophagy.Autophagy reports · 2025Review
- The Aggravating Role of Failing Neuropeptide Networks in the Development of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- ZNF197-AS1/miR-425/GABARAPL1 axis: a novel regulatory mechanism in uveal melanoma.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2024Article
- TRIM28 Fosters Microglia Ferroptosis via Autophagy Modulation to Enhance Neuropathic Pain and Neuroinflammation.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Physiological functions of ULK1/2.Journal of molecular biology · 2024Review
- The cellular adaptor GULP1 interacts with ATG14 to potentiate autophagy and APP processing.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- A new perspective on the autophagic and non-autophagic functions of the GABARAP protein family: a potential therapeutic target for human diseases.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), a mammalian homolog of the yeast kinase Atg1, has an essential role in autophagy induction. In nutrient and growth factor signaling, ULK1 activity is regulated by various posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination. We previously identified glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B) as an upstream regulator of insulin withdrawal-induced autophagy in adult hippocampal neural stem cells. Here, we report that following insulin withdrawal, GSK3B directly interacted with and activated ULK1 via phosphorylation of S405 and S415 within the GABARAP-interacting region. Phosphorylation of these residues facilitated the interaction of ULK1 with MAP1LC3B and GABARAPL1, while phosphorylation-defective mutants of ULK1 failed to do so and could not induce autophagy flux. Furthermore, high phosphorylation levels of ULK1 at S405 and S415 were observed in human pancreatic cancer cell lines, all of which are known to exhibit high levels of autophagy. Our results reveal the importance of GSK3B-mediated phosphorylation for ULK1 regulation and autophagy induction and potentially for tumorigenesis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.