Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33654077›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Programmable C:G to G:C genome editing with CRISPR-Cas9-directed base excision repair proteins.

Liwei Chen, Jung Eun Park, Peter Paa, Priscilla D Rajakumar, Hong-Ting Prekop, Yi Ting Chew, Swathi N Manivannan, Wei Leong Chew

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
128citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

128 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Molecular mechanisms and biotechnology applications of CRISPR-Cas12a.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Advancements in CRISPR-basedFrontiers in genome editing · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Advances and Applications of Plant Base Editing Technologies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  16. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Liwei ChenGenome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
Jung Eun ParkGenome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
Peter PaaGenome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
Priscilla D RajakumarGenome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
Hong-Ting PrekopGenome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
Yi Ting ChewGenome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-8630-6910
Swathi N ManivannanGenome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
Wei Leong ChewGenome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore. chewwl@gis.a-star.edu.sg.ORCID 0000-0002-4774-7959

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Many genetic diseases are caused by single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Base editors can correct these mutations at single-nucleotide resolution, but until recently, only allowed for transition edits, addressing four out of twelve possible DNA base substitutions. Here, we develop a class of C:G to G:C Base Editors to create single-base genomic transversions in human cells. Our C:G to G:C Base Editors consist of a nickase-Cas9 fused to a cytidine deaminase and base excision repair proteins. Characterization of >30 base editor candidates reveal that they predominantly perform C:G to G:C editing (up to 90% purity), with rAPOBEC-nCas9-rXRCC1 being the most efficient (mean 15.4% and up to 37% without selection). C:G to G:C Base Editors target cytidine in WCW, ACC or GCT sequence contexts and within a precise three-nucleotide window of the target protospacer. We further target genes linked to dyslipidemia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and deafness, showing the therapeutic potential of these base editors in interrogating and correcting human genetic diseases.

Indexed as

Gene EditingCRISPR-Associated Protein 9CRISPR-Cas SystemsDNA RepairHEK293 CellsHumansNucleotide MotifsCRISPR-Associated Protein 9

Identifiers

PMID33654077
PMCPMC7925527

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.