ArticlemBio2021
Introduction of Two Prolines and Removal of the Polybasic Cleavage Site Lead to Higher Efficacy of a Recombinant Spike-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in the Mouse Model.
Article in mBio, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of early COVID-19 treatment with convalescent plasma on antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Trial
- Comparison of Igκ and Igλ binding toward influenza virus hemagglutinin and SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein during primary viral infections in humans, mice, and pigs.Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases · 2026Article
- mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: science versus misinformation.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Bat sarbecovirus WIV1-CoV bears an adaptive mutation that alters spike dynamics and enhances ACE2 binding.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- A Safe and Accessible Cell-Based Spike-ACE2 Binding Assay for Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Activity in Biological Samples Using Flow Cytometry.Methods and protocols · 2025Article
- Replication-incompetent VSV-based vaccine elicits protective responses against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus.Science advances · 2025Article
- Adjuvants to the S1-subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein vaccine improve antibody and T cell responses and surrogate neutralization in mice.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Engineered protein subunit COVID19 vaccine is as immunogenic as nanoparticles in mouse and hamster models.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection byMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Computationally designed Spike antigens induce neutralising responses against the breadth of SARS-COV-2 variants.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Vaccination with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike adjuvanted with TLR agonists provides cross-protection against XBB.1.Npj viruses · 2024Article
- RBD design increases the functional antibody titers elicited by SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccination.Antiviral research · 2024Article
- A measles-vectored vaccine candidate expressing prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein brought to phase I/II clinical trials: candidate selection in a preclinical murine model.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Novel Multi-Antigen Orf-Virus-Derived Vaccine Elicits Protective Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Response in Monovalent and Bivalent Formats.Vaccines · 2024Article
- The role of vaccines in the COVID-19 pandemic: what have we learned?Seminars in immunopathology · 2024Review
- Cross-protection and cross-neutralization capacity of ancestral and VOC-matched SARS-CoV-2 adenoviral vector-based vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Review
- Decreased efficacy of a COVID-19 vaccine due to mutations present in early SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Strategies for the Management of Spike Protein-Related Pathology.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Site of vulnerability on SARS-CoV-2 spike induces broadly protective antibody against antigenically distinct Omicron subvariants.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the prime target for vaccine development. The spike protein mediates both binding to host cells and membrane fusion and is also so far the only known viral target of neutralizing antibodies. Coronavirus spike proteins are large trimers that are relatively unstable, a feature that might be enhanced by the presence of a polybasic cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 spike. Exchange of K986 and V987 for prolines has been shown to stabilize the trimers of SARS-CoV-1 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike proteins. Here, we test multiple versions of a soluble spike protein for their immunogenicity and protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in a mouse model that transiently expresses human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 via adenovirus transduction. Variants tested include spike proteins with a deleted polybasic cleavage site, proline mutations, or a combination thereof, besides the wild-type protein. While all versions of the protein were able to induce neutralizing antibodies, only the antigen with both a deleted cleavage site and the K986P and V987P (PP) mutations completely protected from challenge in this mouse model.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.