Observational studyDiabetes care2021
Cardiovascular and Renal Disease Burden in Type 1 Compared With Type 2 Diabetes: A Two-Country Nationwide Observational Study.
Observational study in Diabetes care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of closed-loop insulin delivery versus sensor-augmented pump in the treatment of adults with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of Finerenone on Albuminuria in Type 1 Diabetes by Baseline HbA1c Level and Diabetes Duration: An Exploratory Analysis of the FINE-ONE Trial.Diabetes care · 2026Trial
- Similar Perceptions on Continuous Glucose Monitor Use amongst Youth with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.Pediatric diabetes · 2023Trial
- Leave no one behind: optimizing kidney protection in type 1 diabetes.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Article
- The therapeutic approach to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Increased 24-h blood pressure and arterial stiffness in young adults with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: the Norwegian Atherosclerosis and Childhood Diabetes study.Journal of hypertension · 2026Article
- Article
- Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Patients With CKD and Diabetes Mellitus.Kidney international reports · 2026Review
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for major cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in type 1 diabetes.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Disease and Dyslipidemia in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Inflammatory Load Across Diabetes Duration: CRP and ESR Patterns and Their Metabolic Correlates.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Statin prescription rates for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in adults 40-75 years old with type 1 diabetes.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Incidence and risk factors for chronic kidney disease in individuals with type 1 diabetes: A population-based study in Salford, Manchester.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Article
- Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B targets - a SwissDiab study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Addressing unmet needs for chronic kidney disease treatment in type 1 diabetes: A review.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- Heart Failure in Type 1 vs. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Shared Pathways, Distinct Challenges.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Review
- Cohort profile of the Heidelberg study on diabetes and complications HEIST-DiC.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and severity of chronic kidney disease in a population with type 1 diabetes from a United States health system: a real-world cohort study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- The Urgent Need for Breakthrough Therapies and a World Without Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Article
- Advancing Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Metabolic Medicine: A Narrative Review of Insights and Innovations for the Future.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveType 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increase risks of cardiovascular (CV) and renal disease (CVRD) compared with diabetes-free populations. Direct comparisons between T1D and T2D are scarce. We examined this by pooling full-population cohorts in Sweden and Norway. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsA total of 59,331 patients with T1D and 484,241 patients with T2D, aged 18-84 years, were followed over a mean period of 2.6 years from 31 December 2013. Patients were identified in nationwide prescribed drug and hospital registries in Norway and Sweden. Prevalence and event rates of myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), stroke, chronic kidney disease (CKD), all-cause death, and CV death were assessed following age stratification in 5-year intervals. Cox regression analyses were used to estimate risk.
resultsThe prevalence of CV disease was similar in T1D and T2D across age strata, whereas CKD was more common in T1D. Age-adjusted event rates comparing T1D versus T2D showed that HF risk was increased between ages 65 and 79 years, MI between 55 and 79 years, and stroke between 40 and 54 years (1.3-1.4-fold, 1.3-1.8-fold, and 1.4-1.7-fold, respectively). CKD risk was 1.4-3.0-fold higher in T1D at all ages. The all-cause death risk was 1.2-1.5-fold higher in T1D at age >50 years, with a similar trend for CV death.
conclusionsAdult patients with T1D compared with those with T2D had an overall greater risk of cardiorenal disease (HF and CKD) across ages, MI and all-cause death at middle-older ages, and stroke at younger ages. The total age-adjusted CVRD burden and risks were greater among patients with T1D compared with those with T2D, highlighting their need for improved prevention strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.