ArticleAnimal microbiome2021
Effect of copper sulfate on the external microbiota of adult common snook (Centropomus undecimalis).
Article in Animal microbiome, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unlocking microbiota potential: the role of organic copper in enhancing healthy white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) farming.Animal microbiome · 2025Article
- Influence of host phylogeny and water physicochemistry on microbial assemblages of the fish skin microbiome.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2024Article
- Effect of Copper Sulphate Exposure on the Oxidative Stress, Gill Transcriptome and External Microbiota of Yellow Catfish,Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Epibiotic Microbiota of Wild Caribbean Sea Urchin Spines Is Species Specific.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Dispersed Crude Oil Induces Dysbiosis in the Red SnapperMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Fish Skin Microbiomes Are Highly Variable Among Individuals and Populations but Not Within Individuals.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe environment exerts a strong influence on the fish external microbiota, with lower diversity and increased abundances of opportunistic bacterial groups characterizing cultured fish compared to their wild counterparts. Deviation from a healthy external microbiota structure has been associated with increased susceptibility to bacterial pathogens. Treatment of wild-caught broodstock with copper sulfate for the removal of external parasites is a common aquaculture practice. Despite the microbiota's importance to fish health, the effects of copper sulfate on mucosal bacterial communities and their ability to recover following this chemical treatment have not been examined. The skin microbiota of adult common snook was characterized from wild individuals (Wild), and wild-caught fish maintained in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) immediately following a month-long copper sulfate treatment (Captive-1), and then two-weeks (Captive-2) and 2 years (Captive-3) after cessation of copper treatment.
resultsThe skin microbiota of wild fish were characterized by high diversity and taxa including Synechocococcus, SAR11, and a member of the Roseobacter clade. Bacterial diversity decreased in Captive individuals during the 2-year sampling period. Captive fish harbored greater abundances of Firmicutes, which may reflect glycan differences between aquaculture and natural feeds. Bacterial taxa with copper resistance mechanisms and indicative of metal contamination were enriched in Captive-1 and Captive-2 fish. Vibrionaceae were dominant in Captive fish, particularly immediately and 2 weeks following copper treatment. Based on our observations and previous literature, our results suggest putatively beneficial taxa amass over time in captivity. Within 2 years, Captive individuals harbored Bacillus which contains numerous probiotic candidates and the complex carbon degraders of the family Saprospiraceae. Predicted butanoate metabolism exceeded that of Wild fish, and its reported roles in immunity and energy provision suggest a prebiotic effect for fishes.
conclusionsThe mucosal microbiota contains bacterial taxa that may act as bioindicators of environmental pollution. Increases in mutualistic groups indicate a return to a beneficial skin microbiota following copper sulfate treatment. Our data also suggests that vastly different taxa, influenced by environmental conditions, can be associated with adult fish without noticeable health impairment, perhaps due to establishment of various mutualists to maintain fish mucosal health.
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