ArticleParasites & vectors2021
Monitoring migrant groups as a post-validation surveillance approach to contain the potential reemergence of lymphatic filariasis in Togo.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neglected tropical diseases in conflict-related humanitarian emergency settings: a systematic review of the literature.International health · 2026Pooled it
- Leaving no one behind: targeting mobile and migrant populations with health interventions for disease elimination-a descriptive systematic review.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- The influence of human population movement on mass drug administration for neglected tropical diseases: a scoping review.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Article
- Global Lymphatic Filariasis Post-Validation Surveillance Activities in 2025: A Scoping Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing Post-Validation Surveillance of Lymphatic Filariasis in Pacific Island Countries and Territories: A Conceptual Framework Developed from Qualitative Data.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic determinants of lymphatic filariasis knowledge among refugees in Cameroon.Discover public health · 2026Article
- Unlocking the blueprint to eliminating neglected tropical diseases: A review of efforts in 50 countries that have eliminated at least 1 NTD.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Review
- Current state and future directions of interventions for neglected tropical diseases.Nature human behaviour · 2025Review
- Evaluating the effectiveness of mass drug administration on lymphatic filariasis transmission and assessment of post-mass drug administration surveillance in Nigeria's Federal Capital Territory.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Article
- Persistent lymphatic filariasis transmission seven years after validation of elimination as a public health problem: a cross-sectional study in Tonga.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years and prevalence of lymphatic filariasis from 1990 to 2021: A trend and health inequality analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Five years of post-validation surveillance of lymphatic filariasis in Thailand.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2023Article
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Abstract
backgroundIn March 2017, Togo was declared the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to eliminate lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem, but post-validation surveillance has been lacking. In some areas of the country, migrant groups from neighboring countries that are still endemic for LF pose a risk of reintroduction of LF to Togo. The objective of this study was to identify the risk posed by migrant groups by measuring their prevalence of LF infection and investigating any positive case using Togo's case investigation algorithm to prevent resurgence of LF and sustain Togo's elimination success.
methodA cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 in the northernmost region of the country. Three migrant populations were identified: (i) nomadic Peuhls, (ii) Togolese members of local communities who migrate annually to neighboring countries for seasonal labor, and (iii) refugees from Ghana who came to Togo because of a communal conflict in Ghana. A questionnaire was designed to collect data on demographics and history of LF and MDA; all participants were tested for circulating filariasis antigen (CFA) using the filariasis test strip (FTS). Any CFA-positive case was confirmed with nocturnal microfilaremia.
resultsRefugees, seasonal economic migrants and nomadic Peuhls represented 42.1%, 31.4% and 26.5% of the study participants, respectively. The overall prevalence of CFA was 4.2% (58/1391) with the highest prevalence in the nomadic Peuhl group (11.9%), but only one of them (0.07%) was confirmed positive with nocturnal microfilaremia. Using the case investigation algorithm, no other positive case was identified in the positive case's surroundings.
conclusionThis study demonstrates that nomadic Peuhls, with a CFA prevalence of 11.9%, pose a potential risk for reintroduction of LF into Togo while Ghanaian refugees and seasonal economic migrants do not appear to pose a significant risk. Periodic monitoring of migrants, especially the nomadic Peuhl population, is a potential post-validation surveillance approach that could be used to promptly detect any LF cluster that may arise.
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