ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2021
The Health and Behavioural Effects of Individual versus Pair Housing of Calves at Different Ages on a UK Commercial Dairy Farm.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of evidence-based calf health plan on health outcomes and growth performance in dairy calves.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Article
- Impact of early social housing on the play behavior of neonatal and post-weaning dairy calves.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- A scoping review on pair housing dairy calves: health and performance outcomes and tactics to reduce cross-sucking behavior.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Calf Management: Individual or Paired Housing Affects Dairy Calf Health and Welfare.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Early-life contact with non-maternal adult cows and a pasture-based rearing environment influence behavioural responses of dairy heifers to novelty.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2024Article
- Effects of the Individual and Pair Housing of Calves on Long-Term Heifer Production on a UK Commercial Dairy Farm.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Social contact from birth influences personality traits of group-housed dairy calves.JDS communications · 2023Article
- Effects of Individual and Pair Housing of Calves on Short-Term Health and Behaviour on a UK Commercial Dairy Farm.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Effect of Group Housing of Preweaned Dairy Calves: Health and Fecal Commensal Antimicrobial Resistance Outcomes.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Welfare of calves.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
- A comparison of indoor and outdoor calf housing systems using automated and manual feeding methods and their effect on calf health, behavior, growth, and labor.Journal of animal science · 2022Article
- Historical Evolution of Cattle Management and Herd Health of Dairy Farms in OECD Countries.Veterinary sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Housing management of dairy calves is one of the factors that contributes to a successful rearing outcome. Individual housing of pre-weaned calves is thought to provide enhanced biosecurity and easier monitoring of the individual, and so remains prevalent in the UK. Behavioural studies have, however, found that pair housing is important for social learning, with positive impacts on health and welfare. This study utilised a single UK commercial dairy farm to establish if individual housing, pair housing from birth, or pair housing from three weeks of age affected health and behavioural parameters. Calves were housed in these allocated groups from birth to eight weeks of age, when they were moved into group pens of five calves for weaning at 10 weeks of age. All management routines other than the housing group were the same for enrolled calves. One hundred Holstein calves were recruited over a six-month period, and systematically allocated to a housing group. Weekly visits were conducted up to 10 weeks of age (weaning) for each calf, with weight, solid feed intake, and presence of clinical disease measured. In addition, a novel object approach test was carried out at six weeks, and a thoracic ultrasound was performed at seven weeks. Housing group had no effect on the average daily liveweight gain (ADLG) (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.