ReviewPolymers2021
Fused Filament Fabrication-4D-Printed Shape Memory Polymers: A Review.
Review in Polymers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in 4D-Printed Shape Memory Polymers from Materials, Mechanisms and Fabrication Techniques to Applications: A Comprehensive Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Functional Materials for Additive Manufacturing: Materials Design, Processing, and Emerging Applications.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Composition-Dependent Deformation and Shape-Memory Mechanisms of PETG/POE Blends: An All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Study.Polymers · 2026Article
- Influence of post-processing on the adhesion of dual-species biofilm on polylactic acid obtained by additive manufacturing.The Saudi dental journal · 2024Article
- Electro-Mechanical Characterisation and Damage Monitoring by Acoustic Emission of 3D-Printed CB/PLA.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- 4D Printing of Electroactive Triple-Shape Composites.Polymers · 2023Article
- Material Extrusion of Helical Shape Memory Polymer Artificial Muscles for Human Space Exploration Apparatus.Polymers · 2022Article
- Next-Generation Examination, Diagnosis, and Personalized Medicine in Periodontal Disease.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- 3D/4D Printing of Polymers: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and Stereolithography (SLA).Polymers · 2021Review
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies to Treat Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Defects.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is the process through which components/structures are produced layer-by-layer. In this context, 4D printing combines 3D printing with time so that this combination results in additively manufactured components that respond to external stimuli and, consequently, change their shape/volume or modify their mechanical properties. Therefore, 4D printing uses shape-memory materials that react to external stimuli such as pH, humidity, and temperature. Among the possible materials with shape memory effect (SME), the most suitable for additive manufacturing are shape memory polymers (SMPs). However, due to their weaknesses, shape memory polymer compounds (SMPCs) prove to be an effective alternative. On the other hand, out of all the additive manufacturing techniques, the most widely used is fused filament fabrication (FFF). In this context, the present paper aims to critically review all studies related to the mechanical properties of 4D-FFF materials. The paper provides an update state of the art showing the potential of 4D-FFF printing for different engineering applications, maintaining the focus on the structural integrity of the final structure/component.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.