ArticleBrain stimulation
Deep brain stimulation of midbrain locomotor circuits in the freely moving pig.
Article in Brain stimulation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cuneiform Nucleus Stimulation Can Assist Gait Training to Promote Locomotor Recovery in Individuals With Incomplete Tetraplegia.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Pedunculopontine-stimulation obstructs hippocampal theta rhythm and halts movement.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dynamically Controlled Flight Altitudes in Robo-Pigeons viaResearch (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Microstimulation-based path tracking control of pigeon robots through parameter adaptive strategy.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Article
- The Mesencephalic Locomotor Region: Multiple Cell Types, Multiple Behavioral Roles, and Multiple Implications for Disease.The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry · 2024Review
- A translational roadmap for transcranial magnetic and direct current stimulation in stroke rehabilitation: Consensus-based core recommendations from the third stroke recovery and rehabilitation roundtable.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2024Review
- DBS in the restoration of motor functional recovery following spinal cord injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- A translational roadmap for transcranial magnetic and direct current stimulation in stroke rehabilitation: Consensus-based core recommendations from the third stroke recovery and rehabilitation roundtable.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2024Review
- Efficacy and safety of deep brain stimulation in mesencephalic locomotor region for motor function in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia: a study protocol for a multi-center double-blind crossover randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Grade-control outdoor turning flight of robo-pigeon with quantitative stimulus parameters.Frontiers in neurorobotics · 2023Article
- Brainstem neural mechanisms controlling locomotion with special reference to basal vertebrates.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2023Review
- From retina to motoneurons: A substrate for visuomotor transformation in salamanders.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2022Article
- Cholinergic Modulation of Locomotor Circuits in Vertebrates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Mesencephalic Locomotor Region: Beyond Locomotor Control.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2022Review
- Optogenetic stimulation of glutamatergic neurons in the cuneiform nucleus controls locomotion in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Article
- Deep brain stimulation of the Cuneiform nucleus for levodopa-resistant freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: study protocol for a prospective, pilot trial.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2021Article
- MR Tractography-Based Targeting and Physiological Identification of the Cuneiform Nucleus for Directional DBS in a Parkinson's Disease Patient With Levodopa-Resistant Freezing of Gait.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) has been studied as a therapeutic target in rodent models of stroke, parkinsonism, and spinal cord injury. Clinical DBS trials have targeted the closely related pedunculopontine nucleus in patients with Parkinson's disease as a therapy for gait dysfunction, with mixed reported outcomes. Recent studies suggest that optimizing the MLR target could improve its effectiveness.
objectiveWe sought to determine if stereotaxic targeting and DBS in the midbrain of the pig, in a region anatomically similar to that previously identified as the MLR in other species, could initiate and modulate ongoing locomotion, as a step towards generating a large animal neuromodulation model of gait.
methodsWe implanted Medtronic 3389 electrodes into putative MLR structures in Yucatan micropigs to characterize the locomotor effects of acute DBS in this region, using EMG recordings, joint kinematics, and speed measurements on a manual treadmill.
resultsMLR DBS initiated and augmented locomotion in freely moving micropigs. Effective locomotor sites centered around the cuneiform nucleus and stimulation frequency controlled locomotor speed and stepping frequency. Off-target stimulation evoked defensive and aversive behaviors that precluded locomotion in the animals.
conclusionPigs appear to have an MLR and can be used to model neuromodulation of this gait-promoting center. These results indicate that the pig is a useful model to guide future clinical studies for optimizing MLR DBS in cases of gait deficiencies associated with such conditions as Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, or stroke.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.