ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2021
Comparative profile of ocular surface microbiome in vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients and healthy subjects.
Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A Systematic Review.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Insights into the clinical presentation, imaging, and management of infiltrative keratitis following accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Role of microbiome in ocular surface disease: interpreting biology in a low-biomass environment.Current opinion in ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Phenotypic characterization, molecular typing, and clonal relatedness within Staphylococcus isolates in healthy ocular conditions.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Ocular Allergy Within the Framework of the EAACI Nomenclature of Allergic Diseases and Hypersensitivity Reactions.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2026Review
- The gut-eye axis in blinding eye diseases: microbiota-driven immune dysregulation and immunomodulatory therapies.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Impact of innate immune factors on the persistence of Staphylococcus aureus in the ocular environment.Experimental eye research · 2025Article
- The Ocular Surface Microbiome in Homeostasis and Dysbiosis.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Article
- Ocular Manifestations in Children with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Emergence Potential ofArchives of Razi Institute · 2024Review
- Ocular surface microbiota in patients with varying degrees of dry eye severity.International journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Conjunctival Autograft for Bilateral Tarsal Keratinization in a Case of Chronic Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.Cureus · 2022Article
- Characterization of Conjunctival Sac Microbiome from Patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Review of Loteprednol Etabonate 0.5%/Tobramycin 0.3% in the Treatment of Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo compare ocular surface microbiome and its antibiotic sensitivity in vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) with normal ocular surface.
methodsIn this case-control study, thirty patients each with clinical diagnosis of VKC and age-matched controls with normal ocular surface were enrolled. Tear film samples were collected from each group and subjected to microbial evaluation with microscopy, conventional culture methods, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Microbial diversity and antibiotic sensitivity patterns were analyzed.
resultsMost patients (67%) belonged to severe grades (3 and 4) of VKC, and allergic history could be elicited in 20%. On culture, bacteria were isolated in 50% of VKC patients and 47% of control group. Staphylococcus species were identified in 70% VKC group and 57% control group. S. aureus growth was seen in 52% and 21% of VKC patients and controls, respectively. S. pneumoniae was isolated only in controls (29%) (p<0.05). Confluent colonies (≥10 colonies/μl) were seen in 70% of VKC patients and 14% of controls (p<0.05). Fluoroquinolone resistance was more among higher grades of VKC (50%) (p<0.01) and was observed in 46% of VKC patients and 23% of control group (p<0.01). Both groups were negative for HSV-1 DNA and fungal growth.
conclusionStaphylococcus, the most common ocular surface flora, was predominant in VKC patients. Microbial analysis revealed similar microbial diversity in both groups. However, bacterial load was higher in VKC. Increased fluoroquinolone resistance was observed in VKC patients with more resistance among higher grades. Fungi and HSV-1 were not seen in VKC or normal ocular surface.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.