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ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2021

Three-dimensional computed tomographic evaluation of lateral lumbar interbody fusion: morphometric change of intervertebral structure.

Koji Akeda, Kevin Cheng, Edward Abarado, Norihiko Takegami, Junichi Yamada, Nozomu Inoue, Koichi Masuda, Akihiro Sudo

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Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Koji AkedaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan. k_akeda@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9468-9387
Kevin ChengDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Edward AbaradoDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Norihiko TakegamiDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan.
Junichi YamadaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan.
Nozomu InoueDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA.
Koichi MasudaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Akihiro SudoDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTwo-dimensional (2D) analyses of intervertebral disc (IVD) height and foramen measurements following lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) have been reported. However, three-dimensional (3D) morphometric analysis of intervertebral structure using 3D computed tomography (3D CT) provides increased precision for measuring morphological changes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 3D changes of lumbar IVD height and foramen diameter in degenerative lumbar disease patients following LLIF.

methodsSubject-based 3D CT lumbar models were created for 26 patients before and following LLIF. IVD height (whole and five anatomical zones) and foramen diameter (minimum and maximum) were measured based on the model using custom software. The sagittal placement of cages (SPC) and cross-sectional area of the thecal sac (CSA) were measured. Changes in these parameters by LLIF were quantified and statistically analysed.

resultsFollowing LLIF, disc height increased by an average of 2.9 mm (P < 0.01). Post-operative measurements of both minimum and maximum diameters of the foramen were significantly increased by 1.0 mm and 1.9 mm, respectively (P < 0.01). Change in maximum foramen diameter was significantly correlated with change in disc height (P < 0.05). The SPC was significantly correlated with the changes in disc height and foraminal diameters (P < 0.05, respectively). No significant change between the change in disc height and CSA was found.

conclusionThis preliminary study quantifies disc height and foramen diameter changes in 3D following LLIF. The presented data provide baseline intervertebral changes for future comparisons with follow-up studies and clinical outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: Diagnostic: individual cross-sectional studies with the consistently applied reference standard and blinding.

Indexed as

Intervertebral DiscSpinal FusionHumansLumbar VertebraeLumbosacral RegionTomography, X-Ray Computed3D modelCT-based analysisLateral lumbar interbody fusionLumbar spineMRI

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.