ArticleJAMA network open2021
Assessment of Respiratory Function in Infants and Young Children Wearing Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Article in JAMA network open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Physiological Effects of Face Masks During Exercise Worn Due to COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Sports healthPooled it
- Trial
- Carbon dioxide rises beyond acceptable safety levels in children under nose and mouth covering: Results of an experimental measurement study in healthy children.Environmental research · 2022Trial
- Narrative review of wildfire smoke interventions: considering the unique vulnerabilities of children and pregnant individuals.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Review
- Risks and benefits of face masks in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- The influence of N95 and surgical masks on carbon dioxide levels: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- The real-world effectiveness of preschoolers wearing masks on campus to prevent respiratory infectious diseases: a cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Effective volume of rebreathed air during breathing with facepieces increases with protection class and decreases with ambient airflow.PloS one · 2024Article
- A cross-sectional study of parental perspectives on children about COVID-19 and classification using machine learning models.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Influence of Mask Wearing during COVID-19 Surge and Non-Surge Time Periods in Two K-12 Public School Districts in Georgia, USA.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Medical Face Masks Do Not Affect Acid-Base Balance Yet Might Facilitate the Transmission ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Effect of Facemask in Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2023Article
- Screening of potential biomarkers for polycystic ovary syndrome and identification of expression and immune characteristics.PloS one · 2023Article
- Article
- Assessment of Cardio-Respiratory Function in Overweight and Obese Children Wearing Face Masks during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Adenomesenteritis following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Children: A Case Report and Review of The Literature.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Clinical picture and long-term symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an Italian pediatric population.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Coronavirus disease 2019 transmission and symptoms in young children during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Delta variant and Omicron variant outbreaks.The Journal of international medical research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Face masks have been associated with effective prevention of diffusion of viruses via droplets. However, the use of face masks among children, especially those aged younger than 3 years, is debated, and the US Centers for Disease Control and American Academy of Physicians recommend the use of face mask only among individuals aged 3 years or older. Objective: To examine whether the use of surgical facial masks among children is associated with episodes of oxygen desaturation or respiratory distress. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study was conducted from May through June 2020 in a secondary-level hospital pediatric unit in Italy. Included participants were 47 healthy children divided by age (ie, group A, aged ≤24 months, and group B, aged >24 months to ≤144 months). Data were analyzed from May through June 2020. Interventions: All participants were monitored every 15 minutes for changes in respiratory parameters for the first 30 minutes while not wearing a surgical face mask and for the next 30 minutes while wearing a face mask. Children aged 24 months and older then participated in a walking test for 12 minutes. Main Outcomes and Measures: Changes in respiratory parameters during the use of surgical masks were evaluated. Results: Among 47 children, 22 children (46.8%) were aged 24 months or younger (ie, group A), with 11 boys (50.0%) and median (interquartile range [IQR]) age 12.5 (10.0-17.5) months, and 25 children (53.2%) were aged older than 24 months to 144 months or younger, with 13 boys (52.0%) and median (IQR) age 100.0 (72.0-120.0) months. During the first 60 minutes of evaluation in the 2 groups, there was no significant change in group A in median (IQR) partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (Petco2; 33.0 [32.0-34.0] mm Hg; P for Kruskal Wallis = .59), oxygen saturation (Sao2; 98.0% [97.0%-99.0%]; P for Kruskal Wallis = .61), pulse rate (PR; 130.0 [115.0-140.0] pulsations/min; P for Kruskal Wallis = .99), or respiratory rate (RR; 30.0 [28.0-33.0] breaths/min; P for Kruskal Wallis = .69) or for group B in median (IQR) Petco2 (36.0 [34.0-38.0] mm Hg; P for Kruskal Wallis = .97), Sao2 (98.0% [97.0%-98.0%]; P for Kruskal Wallis = .52), PR (96.0 [84.0-104.5] pulsations/min; P for Kruskal Wallis test = .48), or RR (22.0 [20.0-25.0] breaths/min; P for Kruskal Wallis = .55). After the group B walking test, compared with before the walking test, there was a significant increase in median (IQR) PR (96.0 [84.0-104.5] pulsations/min vs 105.0 [100.0-115.0] pulsations/min; P < .02) and RR (22.0 [20.0-25.0] breaths/min vs 26.0 [24.0-29.0] breaths/min; P < .05). Conclusions and Relevance: This cohort study among infants and young children in Italy found that the use of facial masks was not associated with significant changes in Sao2 or Petco2, including among children aged 24 months and younger.
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