ReviewEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society2021
Influenza vaccination: protecting the most vulnerable.
Review in European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of pharmacists regarding vaccinations against influenza and pneumococci - a systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Burden of respiratory syncytial virus in adults in the United Kingdom: A systematic literature review and gap analysis.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Pooled it
- Safety and heterogeneity of mRNA-based seasonal Influenza vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Annals of Saudi medicinePooled it
- Health-related quality of life and adverse events during 14 days after receiving a live-attenuated influenza vaccine in Japanese children 4-15 years of age.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Convergent evolution of the N156K mutation in A(H1N1)pdm09 hemagglutinin contributes to antigenic drift and cluster transition.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Promoting healthy behaviour with financial incentives: three challenges and solutions for large scale implementation.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Review
- Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV) for Children for the Prevention of Influenza Illness in Sweden: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Need for increasing uptake of influenza vaccination and investing in novel vaccines for paediatric influenza prevention.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Game Over for the Baseline: Influenza Hospitalization Patterns Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic (FluSurv-NET, 2009-2025).Infectious disease reports · 2026Article
- Low seasonal influenza vaccine uptake and related 7C-attitudes among swine farm managers in Brittany, France, 2023-2024: a cross-sectional survey.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Secondary analysis of influenza a virus-infected cells at single-cell resolution reveals host BANF1 response to individual and combinations of detected segments.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Low effectiveness of influenza vaccines vis-à-vis mechanism of protection by vaccines - potential causes and recommendations to improve control of influenza.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Clinical Characteristics Associated with Mortality in Children with Critically Ill Influenza B in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Influenza vaccination hesitancy and related factors among pregnant and breastfeeding women: A cross-sectional study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviated the Inflammatory Response in Mice Infected with the Influenza Virus A (H1N1).International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- From symptom relief to household control: baloxavir redefines antiviral strategies for influenza.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Australia During 2017-2019.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Intersegment Recombination During Influenza A Virus Replication Gives Rise to a Novel Class of Defective Viral Genomes.Viruses · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza virus infection causes seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics, leading to huge morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccination against influenza is needed annually as protection from constantly mutating strains is required. Groups at high risk of poor outcomes include the elderly, the very young, pregnant women and those with chronic health conditions. However, vaccine effectiveness in the elderly is generally poor due to immunosenescence and may be altered due to "original antigenic sin". Strategies to overcome these challenges in the elderly include high-dose or adjuvant vaccines. Other options include vaccinating healthcare workers and children as this reduces community-level influenza transmission. Current guidelines in the UK are that young children receive a live attenuated nasal spray vaccine, adults aged >65 years receive an adjuvanted trivalent inactivated vaccine and adults aged <65 years with comorbidities receive a quadrivalent inactivated vaccine. The goal of a universal influenza vaccine targeting conserved regions of the virus and avoiding the need for annual vaccination is edging closer with early-phase trials under way.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.