ArticleMemory & cognition2022
A conceptual space for episodic and semantic memory.
Article in Memory & cognition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Knowledge-based intervention improves older adult recognition memory for novel activity, but not event segmentation or temporal order memory.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- General semantic, personal semantic and episodic details when thinking about the past and the future in moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Neural activations and representations during episodic versus semantic memory retrieval.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Memory-focused therapy: an integrated intervention to reduce trauma symptoms, maladaptive cognitive processes, and emotional distress in Afghan youth.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Similarity is associated with where repeated-event memories fall on the semantic-episodic continuum.Memory & cognition · 2025Article
- Memory of Fictional Information: A Theoretical Framework.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025Article
- Synthesizing the temporal self: robotic models of episodic and autobiographical memory.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Beyond the episodic-semantic continuum: the multidimensional model of mental representations.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Distinct mechanisms and functions of episodic memory.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Article
- When Load is Low, Working Memory is Shielded From Long-Term Memory's Influence.Journal of cognition · 2024Article
- The shared and unique neural correlates of personal semantic, general semantic, and episodic memory.eLife · 2023Article
- Lifespan effects of current age and of age at the time of remembered events on the affective tone of life narrative memories: Early adolescence and older age are more negative.Memory & cognition · 2023Article
- Chunking, boosting, or offloading? Using serial position to investigate long-term memory's enhancement of verbal working memory performance.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2023Article
- Opening a conceptual space for metamemory experience.New ideas in psychology · 2023Article
- Taking the unreal seriously: enriching cognitive science with the notion of fictionality.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
I propose a model that places episodic, semantic, and other commonly studied forms of memory into the same conceptual space. The space is defined by three dimensions required for Tulving's episodic and semantic memory. An implicit-explicit dimension contrasts both episodic and semantic memory with common forms of implicit memory. A self-reference dimension contrasts episodes that occurred to one person with semantic knowledge. A scene dimension contrasts episodes that occurred in specific contexts with context-free semantic information. The three dimensions are evaluated against existing behavioral and neural evidence to evaluate both the model and the concepts underlying the study of human memory. Unlike a hierarchy, which has properties specific to each category, the dimensions have properties that extend throughout the conceptual space. Thus, the properties apply to all forms of existing and yet-to-be-discovered memory within the space. Empty locations in the proposed space are filled with existing phenomena that lack a clear place in current theories of memory, including reports of episodic-like memories for events reported to but not witnessed by a person, fictional narrative accounts, déjà vu, and implicit components contributing to personality, the self, and autobiographical memory.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.