ArticleScientific reports2021
The impact of multisensory integration and perceptual load in virtual reality settings on performance, workload and presence.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cognitive load, extended reality, and visuospatial abilities in physical science education: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Game changer? Cognitive-motor effects of VR exergaming compared to video-based training.Annals of medicine · 2026Trial
- Application of multi-sensory virtual reality in health education of prostate cancer: a randomized controlled trial.BMC medical education · 2026Trial
- Effects of single-modality sensory stimulation on brain function in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness: a near-infrared spectroscopy-based study.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Trial
- sEMG-controlled forearm bracelet and serious game-based rehabilitation for training manual dexterity in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Trial
- Neuromuscular and behavioural evidence of motor control adaptations following 8 weeks of virtual reality exergaming.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Goal-directed action modulates audiovisual multisensory perception.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2026Article
- Selective spatial attention to competing speakers in azimuth and depth: Evidence from real and virtual environments.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Article
- Enhancing speech recall and reducing cognitive load through rhythmic amplitude modulated vibrotactile stimulation in noise.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Presence Is Reality: Rethinking Virtual and Real-World Consciousness.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Leveraging wearable haptics for guidance in virtual rehabilitation: effects on motor control from an immersive VR setting.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Neuro-cortical signatures of attention in uni- and multi-sensory audio-visual processing in children.Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Exploring neuromarketing's influence on consumer impulsivity through the lens of personality traits.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Usability Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Multisensory Sham-Feeding Device for Patients Undergoing Fasting Periods for Colorectal Cancer Surgery: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR serious games · 2025Article
- Analysis of Neurophysiological Correlates of Mental Fatigue in Both Monotonous and Demanding Driving Conditions.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- The Combined Effect of Visual Stimulus Complexity and Semantic Content on Audiovisual Associative Equivalence Learning.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Auditory-tactile presentation accelerates target detection in a multitasking situation.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2025Article
- Amputees but not healthy subjects optimally integrate non-spatially matched visuo-tactile stimuli.iScience · 2025Article
- Measuring Bound Attention During Complex Liver Surgery Planning: Feasibility Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- The Impact of Selective Spatial Attention on Auditory-Tactile Integration: An Event-Related Potential Study.Brain sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Real-world experience is typically multimodal. Evidence indicates that the facilitation in the detection of multisensory stimuli is modulated by the perceptual load, the amount of information involved in the processing of the stimuli. Here, we used a realistic virtual reality environment while concomitantly acquiring Electroencephalography (EEG) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) to investigate how multisensory signals impact target detection in two conditions, high and low perceptual load. Different multimodal stimuli (auditory and vibrotactile) were presented, alone or in combination with the visual target. Results showed that only in the high load condition, multisensory stimuli significantly improve performance, compared to visual stimulation alone. Multisensory stimulation also decreases the EEG-based workload. Instead, the perceived workload, according to the "NASA Task Load Index" questionnaire, was reduced only by the trimodal condition (i.e., visual, auditory, tactile). This trimodal stimulation was more effective in enhancing the sense of presence, that is the feeling of being in the virtual environment, compared to the bimodal or unimodal stimulation. Also, we show that in the high load task, the GSR components are higher compared to the low load condition. Finally, the multimodal stimulation (Visual-Audio-Tactile-VAT and Visual-Audio-VA) induced a significant decrease in latency, and a significant increase in the amplitude of the P300 potentials with respect to the unimodal (visual) and visual and tactile bimodal stimulation, suggesting a faster and more effective processing and detection of stimuli if auditory stimulation is included. Overall, these findings provide insights into the relationship between multisensory integration and human behavior and cognition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.