ReviewJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry2021
Autoimmune encephalitis: proposed recommendations for symptomatic and long-term management.
Review in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Recurrence of Autoimmune Encephalitis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Pooled it
- An updated, comprehensive meta-analysis of the treatment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis: Analysis, equipoise, and the urgent need for evidence over anecdote.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical and Paraclinical Characterizations, Management, and Prognosis in DPPX Antibody-Associated Encephalitis: A Systematic Review.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Pooled it
- Long-term maintenance of mycophenolate mofetil in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (LEARN): a multicentre, open-label, blinded-endpoint, randomised controlled trial.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Symptom evolution, persistence, and pharmacological management in paediatric NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Immune dysregulation and epileptogenesis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Critically Ill Children with Neuroimmunological Disorders: A Single-Center Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A predictive nomogram for relapse risk in children with autoimmune encephalitis.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- The Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis: Current, Future Therapies, Unmet Need and Patient Management.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Acute cerebral blood flow and its connectivity in patients with anti-LGI1 autoimmune encephalitis: an arterial spin labeling study.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Article
- A qualitative exploration of patient experiences living with autoimmune encephalitis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Seronegative Autoimmune Encephalitis With Neuropsychiatric Presentation: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Deciphering autoimmune encephalitis: Immune mechanisms, therapeutic paradigms, and global research trends.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Deciphering Involuntary Movements: A Case of Seronegative Autoimmune Encephalitis With a Kaleidoscopic Presentation.Cureus · 2026Article
- Case Report: Ofatumumab for the treatment of refractory anti-NMDAR-positive autoimmune encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Recurrent anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 antibody-associated encephalitis in a child.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal changes in [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
27 authors at 20 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to evaluate available evidence for each step in autoimmune encephalitis management and provide expert opinion when evidence is lacking. The paper approaches autoimmune encephalitis as a broad category rather than focusing on individual antibody syndromes. Core authors from the Autoimmune Encephalitis Alliance Clinicians Network reviewed literature and developed the first draft. Where evidence was lacking or controversial, an electronic survey was distributed to all members to solicit individual responses. Sixty-eight members from 17 countries answered the survey. The most popular bridging therapy was oral prednisone taper chosen by 38% of responders while rituximab was the most popular maintenance therapy chosen by 46%. Most responders considered maintenance immunosuppression after a second relapse in patients with neuronal surface antibodies (70%) or seronegative autoimmune encephalitis (61%) as opposed to those with onconeuronal antibodies (29%). Most responders opted to cancer screening for 4 years in patients with neuronal surface antibodies (49%) or limbic encephalitis (46%) as opposed to non-limbic seronegative autoimmune encephalitis (36%). Detailed survey results are presented in the manuscript and a summary of the diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations is presented at the conclusion.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.