ReviewBiological psychiatry2022
Large-Scale Transcriptomics Studies Provide Insight Into Sex Differences in Depression.
Review in Biological psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent developments in omics studies and artificial intelligence in depression and suicide.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Cell type specific transcriptomic differences in depression show similar patterns between males and females but implicate distinct cell types and genes.Nature communications · 2023Pooled it
- Transcriptome Alterations Caused by Social Defeat Stress of Various Durations in Mice and Its Relevance to Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Humans: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Transcriptomic Studies of Antidepressant Action in Rodent Models of Depression: A First Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Nucleus accumbens neuron subtype translatome signatures in socially stressed females.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- A Novel Polygenic Risk Score Indexing Somatostatin-Expressing Inhibitory Neurons Predicts Somatostatin-Expressing Cell Proportions and Severity of Symptoms in Late-Life Depression.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Brain Cell Type-Specific Chromatin Accessibility in Schizophrenia.Biological psychiatry · 2026Article
- Effect of gonadectomy and hormone replacement on habenula-induced dopamine inhibition in female and male rats.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Estradiol modulates neuronal network hyperexcitability in select NDD risk genes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Aberrant MicroRNA-124 expression and methylation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of depressed subjects.Journal of psychiatric research · 2026Article
- Gender Differences and Comorbidities in Major Depression.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Single-cell multiomics data analysis of potential receptors and therapeutic drugs for epilepsy patients comorbid with depression.PloS one · 2026Article
- Dynamic Behavioral and Molecular Changes Induced by Chronic Restraint Stress Exposure in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden and trends of mental disorders in women of childbearing age: a systematic analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Genetic risk-dependent brain markers of resilience to childhood Trauma.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Translational perspectives on women's mental health.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2025Article
- Sex-specific GABAergic microcircuits that switch vulnerability into resilience to stress and reverse the effects of chronic stress exposure.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- A Transcriptomic Signature of Depressive Symptoms in Late Life.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Age-related variations in heart rate variability profiles among patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- E2F2 induces microglial activation and augments depressive-like behavior in mice by repressing PTPN6 transcription.Cytotechnology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability, affecting more than 300 million people worldwide. We first review the well-known sex difference in incidence of MDD, with women being twice as likely to be diagnosed as men, and briefly summarize how the impact of MDD varies between men and women, with sex differences in symptoms, severity, and antidepressant drug response. We then attempt to deconstruct the biological bases for MDD and discuss implications for sex differences research. Next, we review findings from human postmortem studies, both from selected candidate gene studies and from well-powered, unbiased transcriptomics studies, which suggest distinct, and possibly opposite, molecular changes in the brains of depressed men and women. We then discuss inherent challenges of research on the human postmortem brain and suggest paths forward that rely on thoughtful cohort design. Although studies indicate that circulating gonadal hormones might underlie the observed sex differences in MDD, we discuss how additional sex-specific factors, such as genetic sex and developmental exposure to gonadal hormones, may also contribute to altered vulnerability, and we highlight various nuances that we believe should be considered when determining mechanisms underlying observed sex differences. Altogether, this review highlights not only how various sex-specific factors might influence susceptibility or resilience to depression, but also how those sex-specific factors might result in divergent pathology in men and women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.