Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33648572›Full record

ArticleTrials2021

Virtual reality stimulation to reduce the incidence of delirium in critically ill patients: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

Aileen C Naef, Marie-Madlen Jeitziner, Stephan M Gerber, Béatrice Jenni-Moser, René M Müri, Stephan M Jakob, Tobias Nef, Matthias Hänggi

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract readClinical Trial Protocol
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Trials, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04498585 nasuspendednot on this map

Virtual Reality Stimulation to Relax and Reduce the Incidence of Delirium

TypeinterventionalSponsorInsel Gruppe AG, University Hospital BernRan2021 to 2023Enrolled920ConditionsDelirium, Cognitive ImpairmentArmsVR Stimulation
NCT07649876 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Virtual Reality to Reduce Anxiety, Agitation and Delirium in Critically Ill Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorMilton S. Hershey Medical CenterRan2026 to 2026Enrolled30ConditionsDelirium in the Intensive Care Unit, Sleep Quality in Adult ICU Patients, Agitation Associated With Critical Illness, Anxiety AcuteArmsVirtual reality (VR) therapy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Review
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  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Aileen C Naef *Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Marie-Madlen Jeitziner *Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Stephan M GerberGerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Béatrice Jenni-MoserDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
René M MüriDepartment of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Stephan M JakobDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Tobias Nef *Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. tobias.nef@artorg.unibe.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8069-9450
Matthias Hänggi *Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
University of Bern · CH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDelirium has been long considered as a major contributor to cognitive impairments and increased mortality following a critical illness. Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic strategies are used against delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU), despite these strategies remaining controversial. Previous studies have shown the feasibility of using virtual reality within the ICU setting, and we propose to use this technology to investigate the effect of immersive virtual reality stimulation on the incidence of delirium in the ICU. Moreover, we propose to use motion sensors to determine if patient movement patterns can lead to early prediction of delirium onset.

methodsThis study is conducted as a randomized clinical trial. A total of 920 critically ill patients in the ICU will participate. The control group will receive standard ICU care, whereas the intervention group will, in addition to the standard ICU care, receive relaxing 360-degree immersive virtual reality content played inside a head-mounted display with noise-cancelling headphones, three times a day. The first 100 patients, regardless of their group, will additionally have their movement patterns recorded using wearable and ambient sensors. Follow-up measurements will take place 6 months after discharge from the ICU. DISCUSSION: Delirium is widely present within the ICU setting but lacks validated prevention and treatment strategies. By providing patients with virtual reality stimulation presented inside a head-mounted display and noise-cancelling headphones, participants may be isolated from disturbances on an ICU. It is believed that by doing so, the incidence of delirium will be decrease among these patients. Moreover, identifying movement patterns associated with delirium would allow for early detection and intervention, which may further improve long-term negative outcomes associated with delirium during critical care.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04498585 . Registered on August 3, 2020.

Indexed as

DeliriumVirtual RealityCritical IllnessHumansIncidenceIntensive Care UnitsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicCritical careDeliriumICUIntensive careMovement patternsRandomized controlled trialVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID33648572
PMCPMC7923502
OpenAlexW3133935446

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.