ArticleBiosensors & bioelectronics2021
Machine learning-based cytokine microarray digital immunoassay analysis.
Article in Biosensors & bioelectronics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- An automated, digital immunoassay on a microfluidic cartridge for on-demand cytokine profiling.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Article
- High-temporal-resolution on-site multiplex biomarker monitoring in small animals using microfluidic digital ELISA.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2025Article
- Transforming cytokine diagnostics: AI, multiplexing, and point-of-care biosensing technologies.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Review
- Piezo1-mediated mechano-energetics regulate CAR T cell function.Research square · 2025Article
- A citrullinated histone H3 monoclonal antibody for immune modulation in sepsis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Advancing Biosensor Technology: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- CitH3, a Druggable Biomarker for Human Diseases Associated with Acute NETosis and Chronic Immune Dysfunction.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Atomic Pt-Layer-Coated Au Peroxidase Nanozymes with Enhanced Activity for Ultrasensitive Colorimetric Immunoassay of Interleukin-12.Biosensors · 2025Article
- The potential of microfluidic cell analysis in CAR T cell therapy manufacturing.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Beyond CAR-T: The rise of CAR-NK cell therapy in asthma immunotherapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- CAR-NKT Cells in Asthma: Use of NKT as a Promising Cell for CAR Therapy.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2024Review
- The Mystery of Homochirality on Earth.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Miniaturized microarray-format digital ELISA enabled by lithographic protein patterning.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2023Article
- Microsystem Advances through Integration with Artificial Intelligence.Micromachines · 2023Review
- A tissue chip with integrated digital immunosensors: In situ brain endothelial barrier cytokine secretion monitoring.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2023Article
- High frequency of hyperglycaemia observed during CAR T-cell treatment.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2023Article
- Merging microfluidics with luminescence immunoassays for urgent point-of-care diagnostics of COVID-19.Trends in analytical chemistry : TRAC · 2022Review
- Multiplex Analysis of Serum Cytokine Profiles in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Microfluidics Technology in SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis and Beyond: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Machine-Learning-Assisted Microfluidic Nanoplasmonic Digital Immunoassay for Cytokine Storm Profiling in COVID-19 Patients.ACS nano · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Serial measurement of a large panel of protein biomarkers near the bedside could provide a promising pathway to transform the critical care of acutely ill patients. However, attaining the combination of high sensitivity and multiplexity with a short assay turnaround poses a formidable technological challenge. Here, the authors develop a rapid, accurate, and highly multiplexed microfluidic digital immunoassay by incorporating machine learning-based autonomous image analysis. The assay has achieved 12-plexed biomarker detection in sample volume <15 μL at concentrations < 5 pg/mL while only requiring a 5-min assay incubation, allowing for all processes from sampling to result to be completed within 40 min. The assay procedure applies both a spatial-spectral microfluidic encoding scheme and an image data analysis algorithm based on machine learning with a convolutional neural network (CNN) for pre-equilibrated single-molecule protein digital counting. This unique approach remarkably reduces errors facing the high-capacity multiplexing of digital immunoassay at low protein concentrations. Longitudinal data obtained for a panel of 12 serum cytokines in human patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy reveals the powerful biomarker profiling capability. The assay could also be deployed for near-real-time immune status monitoring of critically ill COVID-19 patients developing cytokine storm syndrome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.