ArticleEnvironmental research2021
Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and cognitive development in infancy and toddlerhood.
Article in Environmental research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined Effects of PFAS and Metals on Cognitive Function.Environments (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- An empirical analysis of the impact of early educational interventions before age three on cognitive development.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Neurotoxicity and Potential Mechanisms of Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs).Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Maternal Thyroid Function during Pregnancy in a Cohort with High Familial Likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Association between prenatal exposures to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and early language development in the ECHO cohort.Neurotoxicology · 2025Article
- Maternal serum and placental metabolomes in association with prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their relevance to child neurodevelopment in an ASD-enriched cohort.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2025Article
- Individual and mixture associations of placental per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance with neurodevelopment at 12 and 24 months of age.Environmental advances · 2025Article
- Maternal cardiovascular health and offspring neurodevelopment within the first five years of life: a birth cohort study.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2025Article
- Identifying environmental chemicals impacting neurodevelopment using a random mixture-based screening approach.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Neuromotor effects of early-life exposure to a mixture of endocrine disruptors in Belgian preschool children.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- Effect of Per and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances on Pregnancy and Child Development.Current pediatric reviews · 2025Review
- Adverse outcome pathway for the neurotoxicity of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A systematic review.Eco-Environment & Health · 2024Review
- Review
- Regrettable Substitutes and the Brain: What Animal Models and Human Studies Tell Us about the Neurodevelopmental Effects of Bisphenol, Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, and Phthalate Replacements.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and child behavioral problems.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Exploring the link between the pediatric exposome, respiratory health, and executive function in children: a narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Metabolic Perturbations Associated with an Exposure Mixture of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Association between prenatal or early postnatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and language development in 18 to 36-month-old children from the Odense Child Cohort.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2023Article
- Mediation effects of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation on birth outcomes after prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure in the Michigan mother-infant Pairs cohort.Clinical epigenetics · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)Chemical research in toxicology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivePer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have neurobehavioral toxicity in experimental studies. Evidence on associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and child's cognitive development is inconsistent partly due to differences in assessment time points and tools. We examined associations of prenatal maternal serum PFAS concentrations with child's cognitive development assessed at multiple time points in infancy and toddlerhood.
methodsWe included 140 mother-child pairs from MARBLES (Markers of Autism Risk in Babies - Learning Early Signs), a longitudinal cohort of children with a first degree relative who was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder followed from birth. Study children's cognitive development was assessed at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of age using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) which provides an overall Early Learning Composite (normative mean of 100 and SD of 15) and four subscales (i.e., fine motor, visual reception, receptive language, and expressive language abilities; normative mean of 50 and SD of 10). Nine PFAS were quantified in maternal serum collected during pregnancy. We examined associations of log 2-transformed prenatal maternal serum PFAS concentrations with the MSEL Composite and each of the subscale scores at each time point as well as longitudinal changes in the scores over the four time points. We also classified trajectories into low- and high-score groups and fit Poisson regression models to estimate associations expressed as relative risks (RR).
resultsAmong six PFAS detected in more than 60% of the samples, prenatal maternal serum perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was inversely associated with child's Composite score at 24 months (β = -5.22, 95% CI: -8.27, -2.17) and 36 months of age (β = -5.18, 95% CI: -9.46, -0.91), while other five PFAS were not strongly associated with Composite score at any time points. When assessing longitudinal changes in the scores over the four time points, PFOA was associated with trajectories having a negative slope for Composite scores and all four subscales. When examining trajectories of the scores between low- and high-score groups, PFOA was associated with having lower and/or decreasing Composite scores (RR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.03).
conclusionsPrenatal PFOA appears to adversely affect child's cognitive development in toddlerhood in this study population. Because a large fraction of MARBLES children is at risk for atypical development, population-based studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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