SynthesisPloS one2021
Subjective caregiver burden and anxiety in informal caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06154759 (The Effect of Psycoeducation Based on The Watson's Human Caring Model Provided To The Relatives Of Palliative Care Patients on Hopelessness, Death Anxiıety, And Burden of Care), which is not on this map. Cited by 144 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Psycoeducation Based on The Watson's Human Caring Model Provided To The Relatives Of Palliative Care Patients on Hopelessness, Death Anxiıety, And Burden of Care
Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 292 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of family carers' experience of compassion when caring for older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2026Pooled it
- The Association Between Caregiver Psychosocial Factors and Depressive Symptoms in People With Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Pooled it
- Case Management for Enhancing Wellbeing, Resilience, and Quality of Life in Caregivers of Children and Adolescents With Chronic Illnesses and Disabilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nursing & health sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Experiences of parents of children with mental illnesses: A systematic review and meta-ethnographic synthesis.Family process · 2025Pooled it
- BreathCarer: Informal carers of patients with chronic breathlessness: a mixed-methods systematic review of burden, needs, coping, and support interventions.BMC palliative care · 2025Pooled it
- Unpaid caregiving and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic-A systematic review of the quantitative literature.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Promotors and barriers to the implementation and adoption of assistive technology and telecare for people with dementia and their caregivers: a systematic review of the literature.BMC health services research · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review comparing caregiver burden and psychological functioning in caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and bipolar disorders.BMC psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Mortality, Morbidity and Health-Related Outcomes in Informal Caregivers Compared to Non-Caregivers: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- A randomised trial of a psychoeducational intervention to improve home care safety for informal caregivers.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Telephone-based intervention improves quality of life among family caregivers of persons with dementia in Malaysia: the mediating role of caregiver burden.BMC geriatrics · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of the Feasibility of a Mobile App-Delivered Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Caregiver Stress.The Gerontologist · 2025Trial
- Caregiver burden, mental health, quality of life and self-efficacy of family caregivers of persons with dementia in Malaysia: baseline results of a psychoeducational intervention study.BMC geriatrics · 2024Trial
- When Family Life Contributes to Cancer Caregiver Burden in Palliative Care.Journal of family nursing · 2023Trial
- Effect of Self-Chosen Music in Alleviating the Burden on Family Caregivers of Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Randomised Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- When informal caregivers become double victims: Development of a multilevel conceptual framework for safer home care.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2026Review
- Development of and satisfaction with a short-term outpatient preventive medical service for working informal caregivers: a study protocol of a non-randomized prospective pilot study.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2026Article
- Differences in Dyadic Coping Between Couples Facing Early-Stage Dementia Compared with Couples Facing a Visual Impairment and Healthy Couples.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2026Article
- Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Quality of Life in Family Caregivers of Dependent Children: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that subjective caregiver burden is an important determinant of clinically significant anxiety in family carers. This meta-analysis aims to synthesise this evidence and investigate the relationship between subjective caregiver burden and anxiety symptoms in informal caregivers. We searched PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO up to January 2020. Combined estimates were obtained using a random-effects model. After screening of 4,312 articles, 74 studies (with 75 independent samples) were included. There was a large, positive association between subjective caregiver burden and anxiety symptoms (r = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.47, 0.54; I2 = 0.0%). No differences were found in subgroup analyses by type of study design (cross-sectional vs. longitudinal), sampling, control of confounders or care-recipient characteristics. Subjective caregiver burden is an important risk factor for anxiety in informal caregivers. Targeting subjective caregiver burden could be beneficial in preventing clinically significant anxiety for the increasing number of family carers worldwide.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.