SynthesiseLife2021
DNA methylation meta-analysis reveals cellular alterations in psychosis and markers of treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph
Synthesis in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
83citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
9.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune System Alterations in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of the Current Evidence and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Schizophrenia is associated with altered DNA methylation variance.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Sex effects on DNA methylation affect discovery in epigenome-wide association study of schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of immune-cell fractions at high resolution reveals novel associations with common phenotypes and health outcomes.Genome medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Disease classification for whole-blood DNA methylation: Meta-analysis, missing values imputation, and XAI.GigaScience · 2022Pooled it
- Reelin Alterations, Behavioral Phenotypes, and Brain Anomalies in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of Insights From Rodent Models.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2022Pooled it
- Peripheral blood DNA methylation partially reports on immune cell type composition in the frontal brain.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Genome-wide methylome profiling of cell-free DNA enables prognostication of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Maternal Chrono-Nutrition and Placental DNA Methylation: The BiSC Study.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- Downregulated transcription in chromosomal domains of midbrain dopamine neurons linked to schizophrenia.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Guidelines on optimizing DNA methylation reference panels for cell-type deconvolution.Communications biology · 2026Article
- DNA methylation signatures associated with early-onset schizophrenia in Chinese patients.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- MicroBayesAge: a maximum likelihood approach to predict epigenetic age using microarray data.GeroScience · 2026Article
- A scoping review of genetic studies of treatment-resistant schizophrenia.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Exploring DNA methylation profiles in the pathogenesis of human osteoporosis via whole-genome bisulfite sequencing.PloS one · 2026Article
- Developmental modulation of schizophrenia risk gene methylation in offspring exhibiting cognitive deficits following maternal immune activation.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Pathway information on methylation analysis using deep neural network (PROMINENT): An interpretable deep learning method with pathway prior for phenotype prediction using gene-level DNA methylation.Artificial intelligence in medicine · 2025Article
- Variations in Innate Immune Cell Subtypes Correlate with Epigenetic Clocks, Inflammaging and Health Outcomes.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Specific Marker Gene Analysis for Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Based on Methylation Difference and Development of Detection Primers.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- White Blood Cell Proportions Are Associated With Response to Psychosocial Therapy in Young People at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
48 authors at 20 institutions in 9 countries.
Eilis HannonUniversity of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-6840-072X
Emma L DempsterUniversity of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter, United Kingdom.
Georgina MansellUniversity of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-2620-1786
Joe BurrageUniversity of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter, United Kingdom.
Nick BassDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Marc M BohlkenDepartment of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Aiden CorvinDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Charles J CurtisSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
David DempsterSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Marta Di FortiSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Timothy G DinanAPC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Gary DonohoeCentre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Fiona GaughranPsychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Michael GillDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Amy GillespiePsychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Cerisse GunasingheSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Hilleke E HulshoffDepartment of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Christina M HultmanDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Viktoria JohanssonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sweden, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
René S KahnDepartment of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Jaakko KaprioInstitute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-3716-2455
Gunter KenisFaculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Kaarina KowalecDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
James MacCabeSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Colm McDonaldCentre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Andrew McQuillinDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-1567-2240
Derek W MorrisCentre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Kieran C MurphyDepartment of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
Colette J MustardDivision of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-5834-2765
Igor NenadicDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Michael C O'DonovanMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Diego QuattroneSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Alexander L RichardsMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Bart Pf RuttenDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-9834-6346
David St ClairThe Institute of Medical Sciences, Univeristy of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
Sebastian ThermanDepartment of Public Health Solutions, Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0001-9407-4905
Timothea ToulopoulouDepartment of Psychology and National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Centre (ASBAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
Jim Van OsDepartment of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
John L WaddingtonMolecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC)
CRESTAR consortium
Patrick SullivanDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Evangelos VassosSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Gerome BreenSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
David Andrew CollierNeuroscience Genetics, Eli Lilly and Company, Surrey, United Kingdom.
Robin M MurrayDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Leonard S SchalkwykSchool of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom.
Jonathan MillUniversity of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-1115-3224
King's College London · GBUniversity of Exeter · GBKarolinska Institutet · SEOllscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway · IEUniversity Medical Center Utrecht · NLCardiff University · GBMaastricht University · NLRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland · IETrinity College Dublin · IEUniversity College London · GBBilkent University · TREli Lilly (United Kingdom) · GBFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare · FIHeidelberg University · DEPhilipps University of Marburg · DEUniversity College Cork · IEUniversity of Aberdeen · GBUniversity of Essex · GBUniversity of Helsinki · FIUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US
Funding
A Large-Scale Schizophrenia Association Study in SwedenR01MH077139 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI SULLIVAN, PATRICK F · 2007 to 2018
$9.9MNeural Phenotypes for Schizophrenia and Bipolar DisorderR01MH052857 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI CANNON, TYRONE D · 1995 to 2010
$5.0MDepartment of Health RP-PG-0606-1049Medical Research Council Fellowship (MR/M008436/1)Medical Research Council G0800509Medical Research Council G0801418Medical Research Council MR/K013807/1Medical Research Council MR/L010305/1Medical Research Council MR/L011794/1Medical Research Council MR/M008436/1Medical Research Council MR/M008924/1Medical Research Council MR/R005176/1Medical Research Council MR/T007818/1NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH052857NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH077139Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 072894/Z/03/ZWellcome Trust 075491/Z/04/BWellcome Trust 085475/B/08/ZWellcome Trust 085475/Z/08/ZWellcome Trust 090532/Z/09/Z
Abstract
We performed a systematic analysis of blood DNA methylation profiles from 4483 participants from seven independent cohorts identifying differentially methylated positions (DMPs) associated with psychosis, schizophrenia, and treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Psychosis cases were characterized by significant differences in measures of blood cell proportions and elevated smoking exposure derived from the DNA methylation data, with the largest differences seen in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients. We implemented a stringent pipeline to meta-analyze epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) results across datasets, identifying 95 DMPs associated with psychosis and 1048 DMPs associated with schizophrenia, with evidence of colocalization to regions nominated by genetic association studies of disease. Many schizophrenia-associated DNA methylation differences were only present in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, potentially reflecting exposure to the atypical antipsychotic clozapine. Our results highlight how DNA methylation data can be leveraged to identify physiological (e.g., differential cell counts) and environmental (e.g., smoking) factors associated with psychosis and molecular biomarkers of treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Indexed as
DNA MethylationEpigenomeAdultAgedEnglandFemaleHumansIrelandMaleMiddle AgedPsychotic DisordersSchizophrenia, Treatment-ResistantScotlandSwedenYoung AdultclozapineDNA methylationepigeneticsgeneticsgenomicshumanpsychosisschizophrenia
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Read underepoch 390
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.