ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2021
Sex-specific hormone changes during immunotherapy and its influence on survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy Assessment of Post-nephrectomy Adjuvant Therapies in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of sex on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in kidney and urothelial cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of urology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Reproductive Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Case Report with a Literature Review.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Impact Fertility: A Review.Reviews on recent clinical trials · 2025Review
- Sex bias in tumor immunity: insights from immune cells.Theranostics · 2025Review
- The potential role of exercise in mitigating fertility toxicity associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer patients.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2024Review
- Sex and survival outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma receiving first-line immune-based combinations.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Observational
- Gender oncology: recommendations and consensus of the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM).ESMO open · 2024Article
- Potential roles of sex-linked differences in obesity and cancer immunotherapy: revisiting the obesity paradox.npj metabolic health and disease · 2024Review
- The influence of sex hormones on renal cell carcinoma.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2024Review
- Molecular differences in renal cell carcinoma between males and females.World journal of urology · 2023Review
- Sex hormones influence survival of patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma undergoing immune checkpoint therapy.Biology of sex differences · 2023Article
- The Impact of Systemic Oncological Treatments on the Fertility of Adolescents and Young Adults-A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Role of sex and sex hormones in PD-L1 expression in NSCLC: clinical and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Immunometabolic Markers in a Small Patient Cohort Undergoing Immunotherapy.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Oncofertility in pediatric patients: current perspectives.Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland) · 2022Review
- Estrogen/ER in anti-tumor immunity regulation to tumor cell and tumor microenvironment.Cancer cell international · 2021Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a highly vascularized and immunogenic tumor, being an ideal candidate for checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy. Accordingly, checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with metastatic RCC (mRCC). Sex-specific differences in cancer immunotherapy may be explained by the interaction of sex hormone signaling, genetic and environmental factors, affecting the innate and adaptive immune response in men and women in different ways. The aim of this prospective study was to monitor for the first time changes in sex hormones including luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH/FSH ratio and 17-ß-estradiol (E2) in 22 mRCC patients (12 male and 10 female) receiving nivolumab therapy. In contrast to female patients, male patients showed a significant increase in E2 (p = 0.006) and LH/FSH ratio (p = 0.013) from the beginning of nivolumab therapy to week 12 of follow-up. Moreover, survival analysis revealed a significant negative association between LH/FSH ratio and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.022) as well as between therapy response (p = 0.009) in males compared to females at interim evaluation (week 6/8). Our findings may therefore be the first reference to sex hormone changes during immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.