ArticleJournal of Parkinson's disease2021
Oral Dysbiosis and Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease.
Article in Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between spirochaetal infection and neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review and quantitative synthesis of observational studies.Journal of medical microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Causal association between periodontitis and systemic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of mendelian randomization studies.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Association between oral dysbiosis and Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Is There an Association Between Parkinson's Disease and Periodontitis? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2023Pooled it
- Oral Microbiota Associated With Parkinson'S Disease: A Systematic Review.Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric DentistryPooled it
- ProbioticNutrients · 2022Trial
- Oral Dysbiosis and Neuroinflammation: Implications for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Mood Disorders.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- The oral - X axis: from periodontal dysbiosis to systemic disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Oral and gut microbiota dysbiosis with strengthened oral-gut connectivity in post-stroke cognitive impairment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Oral health and oral microbiota composition in patients with Parkinson's disease: a case‒control study.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Periodontitis and Parkinson's disease: a narrative review of associations, proposed mechanisms, and clinical considerations.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Review
- Human oral microbiota dysbiosis may be a novel non-invasive indicator of erectile dysfunction.Journal of dental sciences · 2026Article
- Integrative insights into the oral microbiome's role in systemic diseases: novel therapeutic strategies and future directions.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2025Review
- Exploring the Role of Oral Microbiota in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Bruxism.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Review
- An update on the involvement of inflammatory mediators in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Evaluating dental health in patients with different severity of Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Periodontitis: Grade Modifiers Revisited.Oral diseases · 2025Review
- Altered oral health and microbiota in drug-free patients with schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2025Observational
- Oral microbiota and central nervous system diseases: A review.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2025Review
- Human oral microbiome and its influence on mental health and brain disorders.AIMS microbiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOral microbiota has largely escaped attention in Parkinson's disease (PD), despite its pivotal role in maintaining oral and systemic health.
objectiveThe aim of our study was to examine the composition of the oral microbiota and the degree of oral inflammation in PD.
methodsTwenty PD patients were compared to 20 healthy controls. Neurological, periodontal and dental examinations were performed as well as dental scaling and gingival crevicular fluid sampling for cytokines measurement (interleukine (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA), interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α). Two months later, oral microbiota was sampled from saliva and subgingival dental plaque. A 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to assess bacterial communities.
resultsPD patients were in the early and mid-stage phases of their disease (Hoehn & Yahr 2-2.5). Dental and periodontal parameters did not differ between groups. The levels of IL-1β and IL-1RA were significantly increased in patients compared to controls with a trend for an increased level of TNF-α in patients. Both saliva and subgingival dental plaque microbiota differed between patients and controls. Streptococcus mutans, Kingella oralis, Actinomyces AFQC_s, Veillonella AFUJ_s, Scardovia, Lactobacillaceae, Negativicutes and Firmicutes were more abundant in patients, whereas Treponema KE332528_s, Lachnospiraceae AM420052_s, and phylum SR1 were less abundant.
conclusionOur findings show that the oral microbiome is altered in early and mid-stage PD. Although PD patients had good dental and periodontal status, local inflammation was already present in the oral cavity. The relationship between oral dysbiosis, inflammation and the pathogenesis of PD requires further study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.