ArticleJournal of Parkinson's disease2021
Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Finland: A Nationwide Registry-Based Cohort Study.
Article in Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Long-Term Risk of Parkinson's Disease Following Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association between functional gastrointestinal disorders and Parkinson's disease in a prospective cohort study.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Association between irritable bowel syndrome and Parkinson's disease by Cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
- Dopamine transporter binding in the brain is linked to irritable bowel syndrome in Parkinson's disease.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- The Causal Association of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Multiple Disease Outcomes: A Phenome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and intestinal microbiome dysregulation in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Integrating nutriepigenomics in Parkinson's disease management: New promising strategy in the omics era.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2022Article
- Bacterial Butyrate in Parkinson's Disease Is Linked to Epigenetic Changes and Depressive Symptoms.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2022Article
- The microbiome-gut-brain axis in Parkinson disease - from basic research to the clinic.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2022Review
- Interactions between gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease: The role of microbiota-derived amino acid metabolism.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- Epidemiological Evidence for an Immune Component of Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Review
- Intestinal Inflammation and Parkinson's Disease.Aging and disease · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe gastrointestinal tract is considered as a potential origin of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology. Besides constipation, appendectomy and inflammatory bowel disease have also been associated with a higher PD-risk, but findings have been inconsistent. To date, there is only one previous study suggesting that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with an increased risk of PD.
objectiveTo evaluate whether IBS is associated with a higher risk of PD.
methodsIn this retrospective registry-based cohort study, we identified 28,150 patients that were diagnosed with IBS (IBS+) during the years 1998-2014, using data from the Finnish Care Register for Health Care. In addition, 98,789 IBS-free reference subjects (IBS-) of same age and gender and living in the same municipality were included. The study subjects were followed until the end of the year 2014 to analyze the incidence of PD. The association between IBS and PD was assessed by a Cox proportional hazards model.
resultsDiagnosis of IBS was associated with a higher hazard of PD with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.70 (95% CI 1.27-2.26). However, the ratio of hazard rates for PD between IBS+ and IBS- subjects was not constant over time. The Cox model with time-varying coefficient for IBS status showed that the hazard of PD was significantly higher in IBS patients only during the first two years of follow-up (aHR 2.96, 95% CI 1.78-4.92).
conclusionOur findings indicate that the association between IBS and PD is likely explained by reverse causation and detection bias. It remains open whether IBS is an actual risk factor or a prodromal symptom of PD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.