ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2021
Olfactory Impairment Is Related to Tau Pathology and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Imaging Inflammation in Elders With Different Clinical and Biomarker Profiles of Alzheimer's Disease
Imaging Tau in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Aging With 18F-MK-6240
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and olfactory decline over 15 years in older adults.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Olfactory-Cleft Biopsy in Alzheimer's Disease: An Emerging Neuroimmune Window into Preclinical Pathobiology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular biomarkers in relation to odor identification in a naturalistic clinical cohort.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- The predictive role of olfactory identification on episodic memory and mild cognitive impairment: Results from the CIMA-Q cohort.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Sensory deficiencies correlate with tau protein and dementia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation demonstrated byAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Article
- Olfactory identification impairment in cerebral small-vessel disease indicates cognitive network disconnection and predicts accelerated cognitive decline.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Diagnosis of Anosmia in Middle Age, But Not in Older Adulthood, Increases Alzheimer Dementia Risk.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2025Article
- Olfaction and Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease and Neurodegeneration in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.Neurology · 2025Article
- The AROMHA brain health test is a remote olfactory assessment to screen for cognitive impairment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Aging-associated sensory decline and Alzheimer's disease.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2024Review
- Comparison of brief olfactory and cognitive assessments to neuroimaging biomarkers in the prediction of cognitive decline and dementia in the MCSA cohort.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Assessing the metabolism of the olfactory circuit by use ofAlzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Tau propagation in the brain olfactory circuits is associated with smell perception changes in aging.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Gray matter and episodic memory associations with olfaction in middle-aged to older adults.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2024Article
- Microglia measured by TSPO PET are associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology and mediate key steps in a disease progression model.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Poor olfaction prior to cardiac surgery: Association with cognition, plasma neurofilament light, and post-operative delirium.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the NIH Toolbox Odor Identification Test across normal cognition, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOlfactory impairment is evident in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, its precise relationships with clinical biomarker measures of tau pathology and neuroinflammation are not well understood.
objectiveTo determine if odor identification performance measured with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) is related to in vivo measures of tau pathology and neuroinflammation.
methodsCognitively normal and cognitively impaired participants were selected from an established research cohort of adults aged 50 and older who underwent neuropsychological testing, brain MRI, and amyloid PET. Fifty-four participants were administered the UPSIT. Forty-one underwent 18F-MK-6240 PET (measuring tau pathology) and fifty-three underwent 11C-PBR28 PET (measuring TSPO, present in activated microglia). Twenty-three participants had lumbar puncture to measure CSF concentrations of total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and amyloid-β (Aβ42).
resultsLow UPSIT performance was associated with greater18F-MK-6240 binding in medial temporal cortex, hippocampus, middle/inferior temporal gyri, inferior parietal cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex (p < 0.05). Similar relationships were seen for 11C-PBR28. These relationships were primarily driven by amyloid-positive participants. Lower UPSIT performance was associated with greater CSF concentrations of t-tau and p-tau (p < 0.05). Amyloid status and cognitive status exhibited independent effects on UPSIT performance (p < 0.01).
conclusionOlfactory identification deficits are related to extent of tau pathology and neuroinflammation, particularly in those with amyloid pathophysiology. The independent association of amyloid-positivity and cognitive impairment with odor identification suggests that low UPSIT performance may be a marker for AD pathophysiology in cognitive normal individuals, although impaired odor identification is associated with both AD and non-AD related neurodegeneration.NCT Registration Numbers: NCT03373604; NCT02831283.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.