ReviewThe Journal of clinical investigation2021
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: manifestations and mechanisms.
Review in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 161 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
161 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effect of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy on biventricular mechanics in cancer patients over a short-term follow-up: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Safety and effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Viral Myocarditis as a Factor Leading to the Development of Heart Failure Symptoms, Including the Role of Parvovirus B19 Infection-Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Prognostic role of IL-8 in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a system review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: a systematic analysis of case reports.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Immunomodulating Therapies in Acute Myocarditis and Recurrent/Acute Pericarditis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with digestive system cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Mapping the global landscape of research on immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated cardiotoxicity: A quantitative and visualized bibliometric study (2016-2025).Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Global epidemiology of myocarditis: disparities in age, sex and geography.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Heart-specific T cell responses: from antigens to disease mechanisms.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Programmed Cell Death-1/Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Pathway in High-Risk Lymphocytic Acute Myocarditis.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- A narrative review of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiotoxicity in lung cancer: mechanisms, risk stratification, and clinical management.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Pregnancy promotes tumor metastasis through adenosine-induced immunosuppressive neutrophils in pre-metastatic microenvironment.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Disproportionality analysis of drug-induced myocarditis: Insights from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Temporal dynamics of cardiac biomarkers in therapy‑related cardiotoxicity: a prospective cardio‑oncology cohort study.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Nano-enabled spatially selective protein degradation modulates lactate metabolism to potentiate antitumor immunity in liver cancer.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Article
- Immune Profiling Identifies Inflammatory Signatures in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Myocarditis.JACC. CardioOncology · 2026Article
- Development and external validation of a multivariable nomogram for predicting severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis in advanced lung cancer.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Immune-Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Related Cardiovascular Toxicities in Cancer: A Mechanistic Review of Molecular Pathways with AI-Assisted Literature Clustering.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Multimodality Imaging in Myocarditis: Integrating Etiology, Diagnosis, and Risk Stratification.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
101 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment of various cancers, including malignancies once considered untreatable. These agents, however, are associated with inflammation and tissue damage in multiple organs. Myocarditis has emerged as a serious ICI-associated toxicity, because, while seemingly infrequent, it is often fulminant and lethal. The underlying basis of ICI-associated myocarditis is not completely understood. While the importance of T cells is clear, the inciting antigens, why they are recognized, and the mechanisms leading to cardiac cell injury remain poorly characterized. These issues underscore the need for basic and clinical studies to define pathogenesis, identify predictive biomarkers, improve diagnostic strategies, and develop effective treatments. An improved understanding of ICI-associated myocarditis will provide insights into the equilibrium between the immune and cardiovascular systems.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.