SynthesisPerspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science2021
Gender Nonconformity and Minority Stress Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals: A Meta-Analytic Review.
Synthesis in Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Instruments Used to Measure Sexual Identity Minority Stress: A COSMIN Systematic Review.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Family outcome disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual families: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2023Pooled it
- Supporting sexual minority adolescents: A critical realist thematic analysis of psychological therapists' experiences.Psychology and psychotherapy · 2026Article
- Homophobia, economic precarity and the well-being of sexual and gender diverse people in a 153-country survey.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Childhood Gender Nonconformity and Suicidal Behavior in Chinese Gay and Bisexual Men: The Roles of Childhood Abuse and Social Inhibition.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Prevalence of sexual minorities and its association with mental health among Chinese adolescents: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- The Bright Side of Gender Nonconformity Among Chinese Cisgender LGQ Individuals: Life Satisfaction, Positive Sexual Identity, and Interpersonal Resources.International journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health · 2026Article
- Responses of Low-Prejudice Viewers to Lesbian Stereotypes in Fiction.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Sexual Identity Development Milestones, Latent Profiles, and Proximal Minority Stressors in Australia's Generation Z.Psychological science · 2025Article
- Children's Facial Emotional Expressions to Gender-Nonconforming Hypothetical Peers.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Individual and Environmental Predictors of Problematic Internet Use Among Young Adult Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals: A 4-Year Follow-up Study.International journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health · 2025Article
- Predictors of new-onset suicide risk and persistent suicide risk among young adult lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic: a follow-up study.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2024Article
- The timing of sexual identity development milestones: Disentangling age from cohort influences.Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity · 2024Article
- The Role of Shame in the Sexual-Orientation Disparity in Mental Health: A Prospective Population-Based Study of Multimodal Emotional Reactions to Stigma.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2024Article
- Discrimination, Heterosexism and Perceived Stress Among Young LGBT Tunisians: Unveiling the Moderation Effects of Self-Esteem.International journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health · 2024Article
- The implementation of neo- and nonbinary pronouns: a review of current research and future challenges.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Review
- Disparities in cancer care among sexual and gender minority adolescent and young adult patients: A scoping review.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Development of Lesbian/Gay, Bisexual, and Other Sexual Minority Individuals: The Closet and Disclosure as a Window into the Issue.Archives of sexual behavior · 2023Article
- A Developmental Model of the Sexual Minority Closet: Structural Sensitization, Psychological Adaptations, and Post-closet Growth.Archives of sexual behavior · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals are less healthy than heterosexual individuals, and minority stress endured by LGB individuals contributes to these health disparities. However, within-groups differences in minority stress experiences among LGB individuals remain underexplored. Individuals are more likely to be categorized as LGB if they exhibit gender nonconformity, so gender nonconformity could influence concealability of sexual orientation among LGB individuals, carrying important implications for the visibility of their stigmatized sexual orientation identity and for how they experience and cope with minority stress. Through a meta-analytic review, we examined how gender nonconformity was associated with minority stress experiences among LGB individuals. Thirty-seven eligible studies were identified and included in analyses. Results indicate gender nonconformity is associated with experiencing more prejudice events, less concealment of sexual orientation, lower internalized homonegativity, and higher expectations of rejection related to sexual orientation among LGB individuals. Gender nonconformity is more strongly associated with experiencing prejudice events among gay and bisexual men than among lesbian and bisexual women. Gender nonconformity is systematically associated with minority stress experiences among LGB individuals, and future research must measure and examine gender nonconformity when investigating the role of minority stress in degraded health outcomes among LGB populations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.