Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33644868›Full record

ArticleThe International journal of eating disorders2021

One size does not fit all. Genomics differentiates among anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder.

Christopher Hübel, Mohamed Abdulkadir, Moritz Herle, Ruth J F Loos, Gerome Breen, Cynthia M Bulik, Nadia Micali

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The International journal of eating disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Bulimia nervosa.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Recovery From Anorexia Nervosa: A Concept Analysis.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Christopher HübelSocial, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1267-8287
Mohamed AbdulkadirDepartment of Pediatrics Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-6080-257X
Moritz HerleDepartment of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3220-5070
Ruth J F LoosCharles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8532-5087
Gerome BreenSocial, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2053-1792
Cynthia M BulikDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-7772-3264
Nadia MicaliDepartment of Pediatrics Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-5571-2273

Funding

Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative (EDGI)R01MH120170 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BULIK, CYNTHIA M · 2019 to 2023
$7.2M
1/7 PGC: Advancing Discovery and ImpactR01MH124871 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BULIK, CYNTHIA M, SULLIVAN, PATRICK F · 2021 to 2025
$3.5M
Predicting Binge and Purge Episodes from Passive and Active Apple Watch Data Using a Dynamical Systems ApproachR01MH119084 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BULIK, CYNTHIA M, BUTNER, JONATHAN · 2019 to 2022
$2.8M
1/7 Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: Finding actionable variationU01MH109528 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI SULLIVAN, PATRICK F · 2016 to 2020
$2.5M
Empirical eating disorder classification and validation using prospective studiesR01MH087786 · NIMH · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI FIELD, ALISON E · 2010 to 2014
$2.5M
Premorbid metabolism and growth in anorexia nervosa: A genetically informed exploration of riskR21MH115397 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BULIK, CYNTHIA M, MICALI, NADIA · 2017 to 2018
$362k
Medical Research Council MC_PC_17228Medical Research Council MC_QA137853Medical Research Council MR/R004803/1Medical Research Council MR/T027843/1MRF_ MRF-058-0001-RG-MICALNIMH NIH HHS R01 MH087786NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH109528NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH119084NIMH NIH HHS R01MH119084NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH120170NIMH NIH HHS R01MH120170NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH124871NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH115397NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH109528Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 217065/Z/19/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveGenome-wide association studies have identified multiple genomic regions associated with anorexia nervosa. No genome-wide studies of other eating disorders, such as bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder, have been performed, despite their substantial heritability. Exploratively, we aimed to identify traits that are genetically associated with binge-type eating disorders.

methodWe calculated genome-wide polygenic scores for 269 trait and disease outcomes using PRSice v2.2 and their association with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder in up to 640 cases and 17,050 controls from the UK Biobank. Significant associations were tested for replication in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (up to 217 cases and 3,018 controls).

resultsIndividuals with binge-type eating disorders had higher polygenic scores than controls for other psychiatric disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and higher polygenic scores for body mass index. DISCUSSION: Our findings replicate some of the known comorbidities of eating disorders on a genomic level and motivate a deeper investigation of shared and unique genomic factors across the three primary eating disorders.

Indexed as

Anorexia NervosaBinge-Eating DisorderBulimia NervosaFeeding and Eating DisordersChildGenome-Wide Association StudyGenomicsHumansLongitudinal StudiesAvon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)binge-eating disorderpolygenic scoresUK Biobank

Identifiers

PMID33644868
PMCPMC8436760

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.